New CDIAC Data Products, Publications, and Activities

April 2013

• 

  Annual mean of monthly mean maximum temperature from 1889 to 2012 at Tombstone, Arizona
  CDIAC has updated the monthly data included in NOAA's United States Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) dataset through 2012. The update, dubbed Version 2.5, replaces Version 2.0 and reflects modifications to the underlying database made by its compilers at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). As in earlier versions, the files include average, maximum, and minimum temperature, and precipitation amount from 1218 stations across the contiguous U.S. A graphical user interface enables plotting and downloading of data from individual stations.
   
• Bob Andres is a co-author on the paper, "Inverse modeling of CO₂ fluxes using GOSAT data and multi-year ground-based observations. Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere", published in the journal, Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere (doi:10.2151/sola.2013-011).
   

March 2013

• Dale Kaiser was the lead author on the heat waves and cold waves section of the new paper Monitoring and understanding changes in heat waves, cold waves, floods and droughts in the United States: State of knowledge, by Peterson, T.C., et al., in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, currently published as an early online release.
   
• Bob Andres was an author on the recent paper, "Improving the temporal and spatial distribution of CO₂ emissions from global fossil fuel emission data sets", published in the Journal of Geophysical Research (doi:10.1029/2012JD018196).
   

February 2013

• Recent Greenhouse Gas Concentrations have been updated to reflect the 2012 CO₂ concentration updates from NOAA, and the 2011 concentrations of selected halogenated compounds as measured by AGAGE. Globally averaged CO₂ concentration for 2012 was close to 393 ppm, while methane and nitrous oxide concentrations also continue to increase. The 2012 CO₂(eq) concentration is estimated by TJ at 476 ppm.
   
• CDIAC has updated the daily data included in NOAA's United States Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) Database through 2012. The files include daily maximum and minimum temperature, daily precipitation amount, daily snowfall amount, and daily snow depth from 1218 stations across the contiguous U.S. A graphical user interface enables plotting and downloading of data from individual stations. Monthly temperature data are expected to be available in March 2012.
   
• Bob Andres attended the 4^th North American Carbon Program All-Investigators Meeting in Albuquerque, New Mexico from 4-7 February 2013. He showed the poster, "A new uncertainty estimate of global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and an implication for the source/sink nature of the terrestrial biosphere" with co-author Tom Boden of CDIAC. Bob also was a co-author on one other presentation at the meeting.
   
• Five CDIAC online data sets have been updated. They include:
  1. Andres RJ, Boden TA, Marland G, (2013) Annual Fossil-Fuel CO₂ Emissions: Mass of Emissions Gridded by One Degree Latitude by One Degree Longitude, 1751-2009. ORNL/CDIAC, electronic database. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/ffe.ndp058.2012.
  2. Andres RJ, Boden TA, Marland G, (2013) Monthly Fossil-Fuel CO₂ Emissions: Mass of Emissions Gridded by One Degree Latitude by One Degree Longitude, 1950-2009. ORNL/CDIAC, electronic database. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/ffe.MonthlyMass.2012.
  3. Andres RJ, Boden TA, Marland G, (2013) Annual Fossil-Fuel CO₂ Emissions: Isomass of Emissions Gridded by One Degree Latitude by One Degree Longitude, 1751-2009. ORNL/CDIAC, electronic database. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/ffe.AnnualIsomass.2012.
  4. Andres RJ, Boden TA, Marland G, (2013) Monthly Fossil-Fuel CO₂ Emissions: Isomass of Emissions Gridded by One Degree Latitude by One Degree Longitude, 1950-2009. ORNL/CDIAC, electronic database. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/ffe.MonthlyIsomass.2012.
  5. Andres RJ, Boden TA, Marland G (2013) Annual Fossil-Fuel CO₂ Emissions: Global Stable Carbon Isotopic Signature, 1751-2009. ORNL/CDIAC, electronic database. doi: 10.3334/CDIAC/ffe.db1013.2012.
• Bob Andres was a coauthor on two refereed journal publications:
  • Francey RJ, Trudinger CM, van der Schoot M, Law RM, Krummel PB, Langenfelds RL, Steele LP, Allison CE, Stavert AR, Andres RJ, Rödenbeck C (2013) Atmospheric verification of anthropogenic CO₂ emission trends. Nature Climate Change. doi:10.1038/NCLIMATE1817.
  • Saeki T, Maksyutov S, Sasakawa M, Machida T, Arshinov M, Tans P, Conway TJ, Saito M, Valsala V, Oda T, Andres RJ (2013) Carbon flux estimation for Siberia by inverse modeling constrained by aircraft and tower CO₂ measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 118:1-23. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50127.

January 2013

• The gridded fossil-fuel CO₂ emission products web pages, pointers, DOIs, and search XMLs have been updated. The 2012 version of these databases present time-series estimates on a 1° latitude × 1° longitude of CO₂ emissions in units of million metric tons of carbon from fossil-fuel consumption and cement production per year and annual, global mean value of δ ¹³C of CO₂ emissions from anthropogenic sources for 1751-2009. Detailed geographic information on CO₂ emissions can be critical in understanding the pattern of the atmospheric and biospheric response to these emissions. Carbon isotopic signatures reflect the changing mix of coal, petroleum, and natural gas being consumed and the changing mix of petroleum from various producing areas with characteristic isotopic signatures. A new interface has been developed for users to query, visualize, and download the latest CDIAC fossil-fuel CO₂ emission estimates.
• The NASA/GISS surface air temperature time series produced by Dr. James Hansen and colleagues, which provides a measure of the changing global surface temperature, has been updated through 2012. The global average surface temperature in 2012 was the ninth warmest since 1880 (see the 2013 NASA press release), continuing a trend in which nine of the ten warmest years in the modern meteorological record have occurred since the year 2000. With the exception of 1998, the nine warmest years in the 132-year record all have occurred since 2000, with 2010 and 2005 ranking as the hottest years on record.
• The global and hemispheric temperature time series of Jones et al., produced jointly by the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia (UK) and the Hadley Center of the UK Meteorological Office, have been updated through 2012. 2012 was the tenth warmest year in the global record. The northern and southern hemisphere annual trend series show some general similarities, but there are several notable differences. A steady period of warming is seen for the northern hemisphere from about 1910 through the mid-1940s. For the southern hemisphere, there is less warming observed from about 1910 through 1930, with sudden and rapid warming from about 1930 through the mid-1940s. The northern hemisphere record shows gradual cooling from the mid-1940s through the mid-1970s, followed by rather steady temperature increases thereafter. The southern hemisphere shows an abrupt shift to cooler temperatures after 1945, quite variable temperatures until the mid-1960s, followed by a gradual increase over the remainder of the record.
   

December 2012

• AGAGE data on radiatively active ("greenhouse") and ozone-depleting gases have been updated through March 2012. Most previous trends continue; methane, nitrous oxide, HCFC-22, HCFCs 141b and 142b, HFC-134a, and sulfur hexafluoride continue to increase; CFCs-11, -12, and -113 and carbon tetrachloride continue to decline. Halon 1211 continues to decline slowly, and halon 1310 may be leveling off. Time series graphs of all reported species can be found here.
   

• HIPPO data are now available through the CDIAC HIPPO Data Archive. As a contribution by the U.S. Department of Energy to the HIPPO project, CDIAC Staff assembled and developed documentation for HIPPO integrated data products, and a website to make them available. The complementary EOL HIPPO Data Archive managed at NCAR/EOL provides component data and additional documentation and information. The archives have been online since November 30, 2012.
   
  The HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations) study of the carbon cycle and greenhouse gases measured meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and aerosol constituents along transects from approximately pole-to-pole over the Pacific Ocean. HIPPO flew hundreds of vertical profiles from the ocean/ice surface to as high as the tropopause, at five times during different seasons over a three year period from 2009-2011. HIPPO provides the first high-resolution vertically-resolved global survey of a comprehensive suite of atmospheric trace gases and aerosols pertinent to understanding the carbon cycle and challenging global climate models. HIPPO was sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
   
• Bob Andres attended the American Geophysical Union's 45^th annual Fall Meeting in San Francisco, CA, from 3-7 December 2012. He showed the poster, "How a new uncertainty estimate of global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption affects our understanding of the source/sink nature of the terrestrial biosphere" with co-author Tom Boden of CDIAC. Bob also was a co-author on four other presentations at the meeting.

November 2012

• An Interface for Exploring United States Record-Maximum/Minimum Daily Temperatures — DayRec — was released by CDIAC. The interface uses daily Tmax and Tmin data from NOAA's GHCN-Daily database to examine record-setting U.S. temperatures over the period 1911-2010. Data for four types of daily temperature records can be explored, (1) record-high maximum ("hot Tmax"), (2) record-low maximum ("cool Tmax"), (3) record-high minimum ("warm Tmin") and (4) record-low minimum ("cold Tmin"). These extremes can be thought of as reflecting the hottest/coolest days and the warmest/coldest nights.
   

October 2012

• Bob Andres attended the American Geophysical Union's 45th annual Fall Meeting in San Francisco, CA, from 3-7 December 2012. He showed the poster, "How a new uncertainty estimate of global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption affects our understanding of the source/sink nature of the terrestrial biosphere" with co-author Tom Boden of CDIAC. Bob also was a co-author on the paper, The carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia over the last two decades. (Biogeosci. 9:3571-3586. doi:10.5194/bg-9-3571-2012.)
   

September 2012

• CDIAC released a redesign of its website. The new design has:
  • A more modern look and feel
  • More intuitive navigation to enable quicker data discovery
  • Support for additional viewing platforms (e.g., mobile devices and tablets)
  • More apparent and distinct presentation/organization of CDIAC data holdings and CDIAC-supported programs
  The content and functionality of many second-level pages (e.g., graphical user interfaces) are largely unchanged. The site redesign does not affect the observing program websites that are linked to CDIAC (i.e., AmeriFlux, Ocean CO₂, FACE , HIPPO, NARSTO, NGEE-Arctic, and SPRUCE). Please contact us if you have any difficulty with the site, and, as always, we welcome your comments and questions.
• Bob Andres attended the 12^th International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Open Science Conference in Beijing, China, from 17-21 September 2012. He showed the poster, "Uncertainty associated with global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption” with co-author T. Boden of CDIAC. While in Beijing, Bob also gave invited lectures at Tsinghua University and Peking University.

August 2012

• Bob Andres is a coauthor on the paper, "The European land and inland water CO₂, CO, CH₄ and N₂O balance between 2001 and 2005," published in Biogeosciences 9: 3357-3380. doi:10.5194/bg-9-3357-2012.
• CDIAC released a new climate data product - Daily Temperature and Precipitation Data for 518 Russian Meteorological Stations by O.N. Bulygina and V.N. Razuvaev of the All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information-World Data Centre (RIHMI-WDC), Obninsk, Russia. CDIAC has a long history of working with RIHMI-WDC to make historical former-USSR and Russian climate data available to the world. This latest installment contains data through 2010.
   
• Extended Edited Synoptic Cloud Reports from Ships and Land Stations Over the Globe (NDP-026C), compiled by C.J. Hahn, S.G. Warren, and R. Eastman, has been updated with land-based cloud reports through 2009.
   
• Cloud Climatology for Land Stations Worldwide, 1971-2009 (NDP-026D), compiled by C.J. Hahn, S.G. Warren, and R. Eastman, has been updated through 2009.
   
• Bob Andres attended the AOGS-AGU (WPGM) Joint Assembly 2012 in Singapore, from 12-17 August 2012. He gave an invited talk, "The magnitude and uncertainty of Asian fossil-fuel-carbon-dioxide emissions in a global context". Co-authors included T. Boden of CDIAC) and chaired a session.
   
• CDIAC has created "gateway" pages for carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and radiatively active halogenated species in order to provide better access to data on these atmospheric gases and aerosols. Additional pages covering isotopes (modern and ice-core) are in preparation.
   
  The "modern" data pages provide links to data bases from agencies or universities that provide data from atmospheric samples at currently active stations. There are also some links to records for individual locations that have discontinued their records for one reason or another. For paleoenvironmental records, there are separate pages providing links to the 800,000-year ice-core records of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide from Dome C, and from the 400,000 year ice-core record from the Vostok site, both in Antarctica. These data are maintained by the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
   
  When using any of these data, be certain to give credit to the original investigators who made the effort to obtain the data and to assure their quality. Citation instructions are given at the end of each gateway page. If any data are to be used in a published work, be sure to contact the principal investigator(s) at an early stage of the research to assure that the data are being interpreted and used correctly.
   

July 2012

• The NDP-088(V2011): "Global Ocean Surface Water Partial Pressure of CO₂ Database: Measurements Performed During 1957-2011 (Version 2011)" is now available. Approximately 6.4 million measurements of surface water pCO₂ made over the global oceans during 1957-2011 have been processed to make a uniform data file. Measurements made in open oceans as well as in coastal waters are included. The data assembled include only those measured using equilibrator-CO₂ analyzer systems, and have been quality-controlled based upon the stability of the system performance, the reliability of calibrations for CO₂ analysis and the internal consistency of data.
   
  In order to allow re-examination of the data in the future, a number of measured parameters relevant to pCO₂ in seawater are listed. The overall uncertainty for the pCO₂ values listed is estimated to be ± 2.5 µatm on the average. The names and institutional affiliations of the contributors are listed in Table 1. A column is added for reporting the partial pressure of CO₂ in seawater in units of Pascals. The documentations for the previous versions (V1.0, V2007, V2008, V2009 and V2010) of LDEO database are available at CDIAC.

June 2012

• AGAGE data have been updated through September 2011. CFC-12 continues its downward trend. HFC-152a, another halocarbon used in vehicle air conditioners, is showing signs of leveling off, possibly due to its short atmospheric lifetime of 1.4 years. Halons 1211 and 1301 are fire extinguishing agents that have been replaced with HFC-125 and HFC-227, a change primarily to protect stratospheric ozone. Halon 1211 concentrations are decreasing and Halon 1301 concentrations are leveling off, as concentrations of their replacements continue to increase.
   
• Bob Andres attended the 2012 ACCENT-IGAC-GEIA Conference in Toulouse, France, from 11-13 June 2012. He presented the poster, "A new estimate of uncertainty associated with global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption" and was a coauthor on the poster "A monthly high-resolution fossil fuel CO₂ emission inventory for recent years, 2000-2010".
   

May 2012

• Bob Andres and Tom Boden were first and second authors on the paper, "A synthesis of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion" which was published in Biogeosciences. The paper discusses the emissions of CO₂ from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production. These CO₂ emissions continue to increase with time primarily due to electricity generation and road transportation. While much is known about fossil-fuel CO₂ emissions, much is yet to be understood, especially at the temporal and spatial scales of countries and smaller political units where combustion (and mitigation) actions are taken.