A, B, C,
D, E, F,
G, H, I,
J, K, L,
M, N, O,
P, Q, R,
S, T, U,
V, W, X,
Y, Z
A
A-S Arakawa-Schubert
A-SAR Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar
A-SCAT Advanced scatterometer
A%C Animal population ratio living in cool climate region
AA atomic absorption
AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science
AABW Antarctic Bottom Water
AAF Association Aeronautique et Astronautique de France
AAG American Association of Geographers
AAIW Antarctic Intermediate Water
AAOE Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment
AARI Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (Russian Federation)
AAS atomic absorption spectrometry (spectrometer, spectroscopy)
AASE Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition
AASP American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists
AASSREC Association of Asian Social Science Research Councils
AATSR advanced along-track scanning radiometer
AAWORD Association of African Women for Research and Development
ABE Advisory Board on Energy (India)
ABL atmospheric boundary layer
ABLE Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment
ACA Advanced Computer Applications (project)
ACABQ Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
ACARS Aircraft Communication and Recording System
ACARS ARINC Communications and Reporting
System
ACAST Advisory Committee on the Application of Science and Technology to
Development (UN)
ACATS Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species
ACC Administrative Coordination Committee (ECOSOC)
ACC Air Combat Command (formerly TAC)
ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current
ACCI Advisory Committee on Climate Applications and Data (WMO)
ACCLAIM ACC Levels by Altimetrics and Island Measurements
ACCM Atmospheric General Circulation Model
ACCP Atlantic Climate Change Programme
ACD Aeronautical Charting Division (NOS)
ACE-1 Southern Hemisphere Marine Aerosol Characterization Experiment (IGAC)
ACE-2 North Atlantic Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (IGAC)
ACE Advisory Committee on the Environment (ICSU)
ACE Aerosol Characterization Experiment (IGAC)
ACE Atmospheric Chemistry Education in Global Change (IGAC)
ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
ACH4 Annual methane (CH4) emission from enteric fermentation
ACHEX Aerosol Characterization Experiment
ACID Acidification Chemistry Information Data Base (BNL)
ACL alternate concentration level
ACM advanced climate model
ACMAD African Centre of Meteorological Applications for Development
ACP Atmospheric Chemistry Program (DOE)
ACR active cavity radiometer
ACRIM active cavity radiometer irradiance monitor
ACS American Chemical Society
ACSM American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
ACSYS Arctic Climate System Study (WCRP)
ACTM Atmospheric chemical transport model
ACTS African Centre for Technology Studies
A.D. anno Domini
ADAAC Affiliated Distributed Active Archive Center
ADALT Advanced Radar Altimeter
ADB Asian Developing Bank
ADC Affiliated Data Center
ADCLS Advanced Data Collection and Location System
ADCP Accoustic Doppler Current Profiler
ADDNET Acid Deposition Data Network (EPA)
ADEOS Advanced Earth Observation Satellite (Japan)
ADEOS Advanced Earth Observing System
ADMC Agri-residue dry matter content
ADP automatic data processing
ADPE automatic data processing equipment
AE Atmosphere Explorer
AEC U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission (now DOE)
AEDD Arctic Environment Data Directory
AEEI Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Instrument
AEEI Autonomous energy-efficiency index (improvements)
AEF Average emission factor
AER Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (Cambridge, Massachusetts)
AER atmospheric and environmental research (DOE)
AERI Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Instrument
AERI Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer
AERI-FEP AERI Front End Processor
AEROCE Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment
AES Atmospheric Environment Service (Canada)
AEST Australian Eastern Standard Time
AET actual evapotranspiration
AF Agri-residue used for animal feed
AFBC Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustor
AFDM ash free dry mass
AFEAS Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study
AFGL Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
AFGWC Air Force Global Weather Central (U.S.)
AFR Africa
AFS American Fisheries Society
AGA American Gas Association
AGAGE Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
AGAL Australian Government Analytical Laboratories
AGASP Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Programme
AGBD Above ground biomass density
AGCM Atmospheric General Circulation Model
AGID Association for Geoscientists for International Development
AGL above ground level
AGU American Geophysical Union
Agr. Agriculture (USDA)
AGRHYMET Agronmeteorology and Operational Hydrology and Their Applications
AGU American Geophysical Union
AGWAT Agriculture and Water Project (JECOR)
AGWP Absolute Global Warming Potential
AH Air Heater
AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
AIBS American Institute of Biological Sciences
AIChE American Institute of Chemical Engineers
AICRIP All India Coordinated Programme for Rice Improvement
AID Agency for International Development (U.S.)
AIDJEX Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment
AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association
AIJ Activities Implemented Jointly
AIM approximate inertial manifold
AIM Asian-Pacific Integrated Model
AIME American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers
AIP Algorithm Intercomparison Programme
AIP-1 Algorithm Intercomparison Project-1
AIP-2 Algorithm Intercomparison Project-2
AIP-3 Algorithm Intercomparison Project-3
AIREP Aircraft Weather Report
AIRS atmospheric infrared sounder
AIRS-AMSU Atmospheric Infrared-Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit
AIRS/MHS Advanced Infrared Radiometer Sounder (Atmospheric Infrared
Sounder)/Microwave Humidity Sounder
AIS airborne imaging spectrometer
AIT Asian Institute of Technology
AITP Arctic Ice Thickness Project (WCRP)
AJAX 1983 Oceanographic cruise along 0° Meridian into Weddell Sea
(U.S., SIO)
AL Aeronomy Laboratory (Boulder, Colorado) (ERL)
Al aluminum
Al2O3 alumina (aluminum oxide)
ALA American Library Association
ALACE Autonomous Lagrangian Circulation Explorer
ALADIN Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable
ALBIOS Aluminum Biogeochemistry in Soils (EPRI)
ALE Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment
ALE/GAGE ALE/Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
ALEXIS Array of Low-Energy X-Ray Imaging Sensors
Alf Grimco A-700 processor used for data analysis
ALFA AER Local Forecast and Assimilation (Model)
ALIAS Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer
ALK alkalinity
ALOHA A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment
ALPEX Alpine Experiment
ALS Adirondack Lake Survey (ALSC)
ALSC Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation
ALSS Aluminum in Streams Study (EPRI)
ALT altimeter
ALT Alert, Northwest Territories, Canada
ALTA Active Long Term Archive
AMA African Mountains Association
AMAD activity median aerodynamic diameter
AMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
AMBIACE Amazon Biogeochemistry and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment
AMD Developing America
AmeDAS Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System
AMEX Atlantic Meteorology Experiment
AM/FM Automated Mapping/Facilities Management (Society)
AMI active microwave instrumentation
AMIE Automated Methane Instrument Evaluation
AMIGO America's Inter-hemispheric Geobiosphere Organization
AMIP Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project
AMMS Advanced Multichannel Microwave Sensor
AMQUA American Quaternary Association
AMRIR advanced medium resolution imaging radiometer
AMS accelerator mass spectrometry
AMS American Mathematical Society
AMS American Meteorological Society
AMS Applied Mathematical Sciences (DOE)
AMSR advanced microwave scanning radiometer
AMSU advanced microwave sounding unit
AMSU-A advanced microwave sounding unit-A
AMTS advanced moisture and temperature sounder
AMU atomic mass unit
ANARE Australian National Antarctic Research Establishment
ANBS Asian Network of Biological Sciences
ANC acid-neutralizing capacity
ANL Argonne National Laboratory
ANFC Annual Natural Forest Cleared
ANL/ACRF ANL's Advanced Computing Research Facility
Ann annual
ANNEX I Countries committed to a quantified CO2 target (OECD, EU, Central and Eastern European countries)
ANNEX II OECD countries and EU
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ANSTO Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (Menai, New
South Wales)
ANT Antarctica (START)
ANTARES Antarctic research (France) (JGOFS)
ANTARFIX Antarctic fixed station (France) (JGOFS and WOCE)
ANU Australian National University (Canberra, Australia)
AO announcement of opportunity
AO atmosphere-ocean
AOD aerosol optical depth
AODC acridine orange direct count
AOGCM Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model
AOIPS Atmospheric and Oceanographic Information Processing System
AOL Airborne Oceanographic Lidar
AOML Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Miami, Florida) (ERL)
AOSB Arctic Ocean Sciences Board
AOSIS Association of Small Island States
AOVP Arctic Ocean Variability Project (ACSYS
ACSYS)
AP Annual Production
APA Adirondack Park Agency
APA alkaline phosphatase activity
APAFO Advanced Particles and Fields Observer
APAR absorbed photosynthetically active radiation
APARE East Asian-North Pacific Regional Experiment (IGAC)
APC Apparent consumption
APCA Air Pollution Control Association (Pittsburgh)
APDA Arctic Precipitation Data Archive (ACSYS)
APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization
APHA American Public Health Association
API American Petroleum Institute
APMP Acid Precipitation Mitigation Program (NAPAP)
APN Asia-Pacific Network (for Global Change Research) (START)
APSRS Aerial Photo Summary Records System
APT automatic picture transmission
AQA American Quaternary Association
Ar Argon
ARA atmospheric radiation analysis
ARAC Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (program)
ARC Ames Research Center
ARC Antarctic Research Center
ARC/INFO GIS software
ARCS Atmospheric Radiation and Cloud Station
ARCSS Arctic System Science (program)
ARDB Arctic Runoff Database (ACSYS)
ARGOS Argos Data Collection and Position Location System (CNES and NOAA)
ARINC Aeronautical Radio, Inc.
ARINC Aeronautical Research, Inc.
ARISTOTELES Applications and Research Involving Space Technologies Observing the
Earth's Field from a Low Earth Orbiting Satellite
ARL Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, Maryland (NOAA)
ARL Australian Radiation Laboratory (Melbourne, Victoria)
ARM Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (DOE program)
ARMA Autoregressive moving-average
ARMSAT Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Satellite
ARPA Advanced Research Project Agency
ARRCC Analysis of Rapid and Recent Climate Change (project)
ARS Agricultural Research Service (USDA)
ARSMC ASEAN Regional Specialized
Meteorological Centre
ART Arctica (START)
ARTEMIS Advanced Relay and Technology Mission Satellite (ESA)
ARTEP Ariane Technology Experiment Platform (European)
ARW Advanced Research Workshop
AS Anti-Spoofing on GPS Transmissions
AS Area of Savanna
ASA American Statistical Association
ASA Antarctic Support Association
ASA Atmosphere Spectroscopy Applications
ASB Area of Savanna Burned annually
ASAP Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme
ASAR Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar
ASAS Advanced Solid State Array Sensor
ASASP Active Scattering Aerosol Spectrometer Probe
ASB Association of Southeastern Biologists
ASCAT advanced scatterometer
ASCATT advanced scatterometer
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
ASCEND Agenda of Science for Environment and Development into the 21st
Century
ASChE American Society of Chemical Engineers
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASCOT Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (program)
ASCS Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service
ASDAR Aircraft-to-Satellite Data Relay
ASE Air Sea Experiment
ASEAMS Association of Southeast Asian Marine Scientists
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASF Alaska SAR Facility
ASF Atmospheric Stablization Framework
ASHOE Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment
ASI Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (Italian Space Agency)
ASK Assisted Search for Knowledge
ASL above sea level
ASL atmospheric surface layer
ASLO American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
ASM Applied Simulation and Modelling (IASTED)
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASOEN ASEAN Senior Officials on the Environment
ASOS Automated Surface Observing System
ASPP American Society of Plant Physiologists
ASPRS American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
ASR aerosol solar radiation
ASSAS Advanced Solid State Array Sensor
ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (radiometer)
ASTER Atmosphere-Surface Turbulent Exchange
Research (formerly ITIR)
ASTEX Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
ASU Air Separation Unit
ATES Alcatel Espace Systems
ATDD Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division
(formerly ATDL) (NOAA)
ATDL Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion
Laboratory (now ATDD)
ATF atmospheric transmission factor
Atlantis Research vessel (U.S.)
ATLAS Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science
ATLAS Airborne Turnable Laser Absorption Spectrometer
ATLID atmospheric lidar
atm atmosphere
ATM Atmospheric Transport Model
ATMOS Atmospheric Trace Molecules Observed by Spectroscopy
ATOVS Advanced TOVS
ATP adenosine triphosphate
ATPEX ARM Tropical Pacific Experiment
ATS Advanced Technology Satellite
ATS Antarctic Treaty System
ATS applications technology satellite
ATS Advanced Turbine Systems
ATSR along-track scanning radiometer
AURIO Auroral Imaging Observatory
AV acoustic velocity (geophysical logging)
AVCS Advanced Vidicon Camera System
AVD acoustic variable density (geophysical logging)
AVHRR advanced very high resolution radiometer
(NOAA)
AVHRR GAC AVHRR Global Area Coverage
AVHRR LAC AVHRR Local Area Coverage
AVIRIS airborne visible and infrared imaging spectrometer
AVISCO French group for Analysis, Validation, and Investigation of Satellite
Oceanography
AVNIR advanced visible and near-infrared radiometer
avtur aviation gas turbine fuel
AWDB Adirondack Watershed Data Base
AWIPS-90 Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System for the 90s
AWRA American Water Resources Association
AWIS Association for Women in Science
AWWA American Water Works Association (Denver)
AXCTD autonomous expendable CTD profiler
B
b/w black and white
B%T Animal population ratio living in temperate climate region
BaA benz[a]anthracene
BAAS British Association for the Advancement of Science
BAHC Biospheric Aspects of the Hydrological Cycle
(program) (IGBP)
BAHC-SSC BAHC Scientific Steering Committee
BALTEX Baltic Sea Experiment
BAO Boulder Atmospheric Observatory
BaP benzo[a]pyrene
BaPDE chemically reactive diolepoxides
BAPMoN Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network (WMO)
BASC Board on Atmospheric Science and Climate,
National Research Council (U.S.)
BARA Pressure in Atmosphere
BASE Beaufort and Arctic Storms Experiment (Canada)
BATAN Reactor and Nuclear Research Facilities, National Atomic Energy Agency
BATERISTA Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfers and Ecological Research in Situ Studies in
Amazonia (BAHC and GEWEX)
BATGE Biosphere-Atmosphere Trace Gas Exchange (in the tropics) (IGAC)
BATS Bermuda Atlantic Time Series
BATS Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (NCAR)
BAU business-as-usual
b.a.u. business as usual (scenario)
BB Biomass Burned
BBHIR broadband hemispherical in flux radiometer
BBHSR broadband hemispherical solar radiometer
BBL benthic boundary layer
bbl barrels (of oil)
BBSR Bermuda Biological Station for Research
BBSRC Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council
BBSS balloon-borne sounding system
BBZ benthic boundary zone
BC black carbon
BCC British Coal Corporation (U.K.)
BCD Binary Coded Decimal
BCF bioconcentration factor
BEMS Bioelectromagnetics Society
BEST Bilan Energetique du Systeme Tropical
Bet Grimco A-700 processor used for data collection
BF Biomass quantity burned in fields
BGC biogeochemical cycle
BGL British Gas Lurgi (gasifier)
BHD designation of an ice core drilled in 1977 at Law Dome, Antarctica
BIA Bureau of Indian Affairs (DOI)
BIBEX Biomass Burning Experiment (IGAC)
BiE Business in the Environment
BIGSTIG biomass integrated gasifier steam-injected gas turbine
BIG-TT BAHC-IGAC-GCTE Task Team
BIH Bureau International de l'Heure
BIOME global biome model
BIOMOVS Biospheric Model Validation Study
BIOSYNOP Biological Synoptic Ocean Prediction
BIOTRANS biological transformations (site at 47°N 20°W)
BIOTROP Regional Center for Tropical Biology
BIPM Bureau International de Poids et Mesures
BLM Bureau of Land Management (DOI)
BLS "Basic Linked System" scenario
BMAP Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program
BMC Baltic Marine Cooperation
BMFT Bundes Ministerium fur Forschung und Technologie (Germany)
BMG Meteorological and Geophysics Agency
BMRC Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (Australia)
BMWT Biofuels and Municipal Waste Technology (Division) (DOE)
BNA Block Numbering Area
BNAP Basic Hydrological Network Assessment Project
BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory
BNSC British National Space Centre
BO CH4 producing potential
BOB Bureau of the Budget
BOC Bureau of Census (DOC)
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BODC British Oceanographic Data Centre (Bidston)
BOF basic oxygen furnace
BOFS Biogeochemical Ocean Flux Study (U.K.)
BOM benthic organic matter
BoM Bureau of Meteorology (DASET)
BOR Bureau of Reclamation (DOI)
BOREAS Boreal Ecosystems Atmosphere Study
(BAHC and GEWEX)
BORIS BOREAS Information System
BP before present
BPA Bonneville Power Administration
BPKM billion passenger kilo metre
BPPT Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (Indonesia)
Bq Becquerel (symbol) (SI unit of activity of ionizing
radiation source)
BRDF bidirectional reflectance distribution function
BrO bromine monoxide
BRW Barrow Observatory (Barrow, Alaska) (CMDL)
Bs Natural forest biomass burned onsite
BSIP Birban Sahani Institute of Paleobotany
BSRN Baseline Surface Radiation Network
BTCs breakthrough curves (column-elution tests)
Btu British thermal unit
BUFR Binary Universal Form for the Representation (of data)
BuREC Bureau of Reclamation (now WPR)
BUV Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer
BVE Barotropic vorticity equation
BW bulk water
BWTP Basalt Waste Isolation Project
C
13C carbon-13 (carbon isotope with atomic weight of 13)
14C carbon-14 (carbon isotope with atomic weight of 14)
C carbon
C Celsius, centigrade
C/A Coarse/Acquisition GPS signal structure
C&W Animal population ratio living in warm climate region
C-MACCS Centre for Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulation
C3AT Ch3 Albedo Test (AVHRR)
ca. circa
CAA Central Arid Asia (START)
CAA Clean Air Act (1970)
CAAP Composition and Acidity of Southeast Asian Precipitation
CAC Climate Analysis Centre (now CPC) (WMO)
CAC Committee on Atmospheric Chemistry
CACGP Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (IAMAS)
CAD computer-aided design/ drafting/drawing
CADD computer-aided design and drafting
CAeM Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (WMO)
CAF Clean Air Facility
CAgM Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (WMO)
Cal/Val calibration/validation
CALCOFI California Cooperative Fisheries Investigation
CAM crassulacean acid metabolism
CAMS Control and Monitoring System
CAO cold air outbreak
CAP Central Arizona Project (USBR)
CAPPI Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator
CAR Caribbean (START)
CARBICE Carbon Dioxide Intercalibration Experiment (IGAC)
CARDS climatological aerological reference data set
CARS Climate Applications Referral System
CARS coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
CART Cloud and Radiation Testbed (ARM)
CAS Chemical Abstract Series
CAS Chinese Academy of Science
CAS Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO)
CASA Inter-Union Commission on the Application of Science to Agriculture,
Forestry, and Aquaculture (ICSU)
CASSAD Centre for African Settlement Studies and Development
CAST Chinese Academy of Science and Technology
CAT computerized axial tomography
CBA cost benefit analysis
CBO Congressional Budget Office (U.S.)
CBS Commission for Basic Systems (WMO)
CC Combined Cycle
CCAM Chikuko Cha Amayi M'Malawi (Women's NGO)
CCAQ Consultative Committee on Administrative Questions
CCC Canadian Climate Centre
CCCN CDIAC Computing System Network
CCCO Committee on Climate Changes and the Ocean (SCOR and IOC)
CCCP California Institute of Technology Concurrent Computation Project
CCD charge-coupled device (camera)
CCDB Carbon content of dead biomass
CCDP Climate Change Detection Project
CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
CCI Commission for Climatology (WMO)
CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee (ITU)
CCITT International Consultative Committee on Telegraphs and
Telecommunications (ITU)
CCIW Canadian Centre for Inland Waters
CCL Central CO2 Laboratory, SIO (WMO)
CCLB Carbon content of living biomass
CCM1 community climate model one
CCM2 community climate model two (NCAR)
CCM community climate model
CCM0 Community Climate Model (NCAR)
CCM2 Community Climate Model (version 2)
CCMS Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society
CCN cloud condensation nuclei
CCOP Committee for the Coordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral
Resources in Asian Offshore Areas (Indonesia)
CCRS Canada Centre for Remote Sensing
CCSDS Consultative Committee for Standard Data Services
CCT computer-compatible tape
CD Chemistry Division
CD community development
CD compact disc
CDAS Climate Data Assimilation System
CDC Control Data Corporation
CDCR conceptual design and cost review
CDDIS Crustal Dynamics Data Information System
CDF common data format
CDIAC Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
(formerly CDIC) (ORNL/DOE)
CDIC Carbon Dioxide Information Center (now CDIAC)
CDMS Cryospheric Data Management System
CDNC Cloud drop number concentration
CDOS Customer Data and Operations System
CDP Crustal Dynamics Project (NASA)
CDRD Carbon Dioxide Research Division
CD-ROM compact disc-read only memory
CDRP Carbon Dioxide Research Program
CDW Circumpolar Deep Water
CE Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy
CE Combusion Efficiency
CEA cause-and-effect analysis
CEA Central Electricity Authority (India)
CEA Council of Economic Advisors
CEA Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (France)
CEAREX Coordinated Eastern Arctic Experiment
CEC cation exchange capacity
CEC Commission of European Communities
CEDAR Coupled Energetics and Dynamics of the Atmospheric Regions
CEDDA Center for Experiment Design and Data Analysis (NOAA)
CEEM Center for Energy and Environmental Management
CEES Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences
(formerly CES; replaced by CENR)
CEI Center for Environmental Information
CEM cumulus ensemble model
CEMA Council of Mutual Economic Aid (Russian Federation, formerly U.S.S.R.)
CEN European Committee for Standardization (EC)
CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (EC)
CENR Committee on Environmental and Natural
Resources (U.S. NCST)
CENTO Central Treaty Organization
CEOS Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
CEP circular error probability
CEP Comite Ecumenico de Proyectos
CEPAL Comision Economica para America Latina (Spain) (ECLA)
CEPAL Economic Commission for Latin America (Spain) (ECLA)
CEPEX Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment
CEPT Conference Europeenne des Administration des Postes et
Telecommunications (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications
Administrations)
CEQ Council on Environmental Quality (U.S.)
CER carbon dioxide exchange rate
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act (1980) (Superfund)
CERES Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (EOS)
CERES Crop Environment Resource Synthesis
CERGA Centre d'Etudes et de Rechereches Geodynamiques et Astronomiques
CERL Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory (EPA)
CERN Chinese Ecological Research Network
CERN European Laboratory for Particle Physics
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research
CERP Cooperative Ecological Research Project (PRC,
Germany, and UNESCO)
CERSAT French group for processing ERTS-1 low bit rate data from ocean areas
CES Committee on Earth Sciences (now CEES)
CETA Carbon Emissions Trajectory Assessment
CETA Comprehensive Education and Training Administration
CF concentration factor
CF Carbon Fraction
CFAGB Carbon fraction of above ground biomass
CFC chlorofluorocarbon
CFC chlorinated fluorocarbon
CFC-11 CC13F, trichlorofluoromethane, Freon-11
CFC-12 CCl2F2, dichlorodifluoromethane, Freon-12
CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2, 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane
CFEM combined fates and effects model
CFF Carbon fraction of fuel
CFM Chlorofluoromethane
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CFRI Central Fuel Research Institute (India)
CGBAPS Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station
CGC Committee on Global Change
CGC Management and Coordination Advisory Committee
CGCM coupled atmosphere/ocean general circulation model
CGCP Canadian Global Change Program
CGED Committee on Geophysical Environmental Data (NAS)
CGES Center for Global Environmental Studies
CGMS Coordination of Geostationary Meteorological Satellites
CGMW Commission for the Geological Map of the World
CGO Cape Grim (Tasmania) (baseline station)
CH4 methane
CH4-C Methane-carbon ratio
CH3CL methyl chloride
CH3CCl3 methylchloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane)
CHAMMP Computer Hardware, Advanced
Mathematics, and Model Physics (Climate Modeling Program)CHEMRAWN Chemical Research Applied to World Needs (IUPAC)
CHP Combined Heat and Power
CHRIS Chemical Hazard Response Information System
CH.SS Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought
Control in the Sahel (CILSS)
CHy Commission for Hydrology (WMO)
CI Conservation International (Washington, D.C.) (NGO)
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
CIAP Climate Impact Assessment Program
CIAP Inter-American Committee for the Alliance for Progress
CIDA Canadian International Development Agency
CIE Chinese Institute of Electronics
CIEA Committee on International Environmental Activities
CIESIN Consortium for International Earth Science
Information Network (U.S.)
CIG Commonwealth Industrial Gases (U.K.)
CIHEAM Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneenes
CIL Coal India Limited
CILSS Comite Inter-Etats pour la Lutte Contre la
Secheresse au Sahel (CH.SS) (consists of Chad,
Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Upper Volta, and Cape Verde Islands)
CIMO Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO)
CIMSS Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies
CINOF Campaign for Integrated Observations of Solar Flares
CIR color-infrared (film)
CIRAC Canadian Institute for Research in Atmospheric Chemistry
CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (University
of Colorado, Boulder)
CIRT cirrus test
CIS CDIAC Information System
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CISPR International Special Committee on Radio Interference
CISTI Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information
CIT California Institute of Technology
CITE Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation
CIUS Conseil International des Unions Scientifiqes (ICSU)
CKE cumulus kinetic energy
CLAES cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer
CLARET Cloud Lidar and Radar Exploratory Test
CLASS Cross-chain Loran Atmospheric Sounding System
CLAVR Clouds from AVHRR
CLI Climate Change (project)
CLIC Climate Inventory and Catalog
CLICOM climate computing
CLIMAP Climate Long-Range Investigation Mapping and Prediction (project)
CLIMAP Climate Applications Project (WMO)
CLIVAR Climate Variability and Predictability (WCRP)
ClNO3 chlorine nitrate
ClO chlorine monoxide
ClO2 chlorine dioxide
ClONO2 chlorine nitrate
ClNO3 chlorine nitrate
CLP Contract Laboratory Program (EPA)
CLRI Central Leather Research Institute (India)
CLS Collected Localization Satellites (France)
cm centimeter
cm3 cubic centimeter (milliliter)
CMA Cement Manufacturers' Association (U.S.)
CMAP Climate Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (program)
CMC Canadian Meteorological Centre
CMD Coordinator for Multi-lateral Development Program
CMDL Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics
Laboratory (Boulder, Colorado) (NOAA and ERL)
CME Community Modelling Effort (U.K.)
CMIE Centre for Monitoring the Indian Economy
CMM Commission for Marine Meteorology (WMO)
CMP Climate Modelling Programme
CMP computer modeling package
CMRS Coal Mines Research Station
CMS Configuration Management System
CN condensation nuclei
CNC condensation nucleus counter
CNES Centre Nationale d'Etudes Spatiales (French
Space Agency)
CNET Centre National d'Etudes des Telecommunications (France)
CNG compressed natural gas
CNR Committee on Natural Resources
CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)
CNRET Centre for Natural Resources Energy and Transport (UN)
CNRS National Scientific Research Center (Centre Nationale de la Recherche
Scientifique) (France)
CO carbon monoxide
CO-C Carbon monoxide carbon trace gas emission
CO2 carbon dioxide
COADS Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
COARE Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA and WCRP)
COBIOTECH Scientific Committee for Biotechnology (ICSU)
CODATA Committee on Data for Science and Technology (ICSU)
CODMAC Committee on Data Management, Archiving, and Computation
COE U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers
COGEOMAP Federal-State Cooperative Geologic Mapping
COHMAP Cooperative Holocene Mapping Project
Co-I co-investigator
COLA Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies
COM Communication Department
CONA Committee for OWSE-North America
CoP Conference of the Parties to the FCCC
COPS continuously operating per fluorocarbon sniffer
COPUOS Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN)
Corp. Corporation (spell out in text; abbreviate in references, lists tables, footnotes,
bibliographies, and indexes)
COS Carbonyl sulfide
CoSAMC Commission for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology
(WMO)
COSPAR Committee on Space Research (ICSU)
COST Committee on Science and Technology (ASEAN)
COSTED Committee on Science and Technology in Developing Countries
(ICSU)
COW Committee on Water
COWAR Committee on Water Research (ICSU and UATI)
COWRR Committee on Water Resources Research
CPA Centrally Planned Asia
CPC Climate Prediction Center (formerly CAC)
CPE Eastern Europe (also called Centrally Planned Europe)
CPEs Centrally-planned economies
CPM critical path method
CPMS climatological prediction by model statistics
CPO Core Project Office (IGBP)
CPP cloud photopolarimeter
CPPC Core Project Planning Committee (IGBP)
CPRS cloud-profiling radar system
CPS certified professional secretary
CPU central processing unit
CPUE catch per unit effort
CRC Climate Research Committee
CRC cyclic redundancy check
CRD Carbon released from dead biomass
CRE Coal Research Establishment of BCC (U.K.)
CRE Centro Ricerche Energia, Italy (ENEA)
CREN Chemical Research and Environmental Needs
CREO Cryosphere Research on Qingzang Plateau
CRESP Coordinated Research and Environmental Surveillance Programme
(NEA)
CRF cloud radiative forcing
CRI Climate Research Institute (Oklahoma State University)
CRIC Computerized River Information System (U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service)
CRL Carbon released from living biomass
CRM certified reference material
CRP Climate Research Program
CRPE Centre de Recherches en Physique de l'Environment Terrestre et Planetaria
CRREL Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (COE)
CRS cavity-ringdown spectrometer
CRT cathode-ray tube
CRU Climatic Research Unit (UEA, Norwich, U.K.)
CRYSYS Cryospheric System
CS Computer Services Department
CS Carbon stored
CSA Canadian Space Agency
CSA Chinese Society of Astronautics
CSATA Centra Studi e Applicazioni in Tecnologie Avanzate (Italy)
CSD Commission on Sustainable Development
CSEC Centre for the Study of Environmental Change (University of Lancaster)
CSELI Centra Studi e Laboratori Telecommunicazioni (Italy)
CSERGE Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment
(UEA and University College, London)
CSES Center for the Study of Earth from Space (University of Colorado, Boulder)
CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India)
CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (South Africa)
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization (Australia)
CSIRO/DAR CSIRO/Division of Atmospheric Research
(Australia)
CSM climate system monitoring
CSMP Climate System Modeling Program
CSO Central Statistical Organization
CSPP Collaborative Special Project and Programme
CSR Centra de Sensores Remotes (Italy)
CSRS Cooperative State Research Service
CST CHAMMP Science Team
CSTR Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Research (BASC)
CSU Colorado State University (Fort Collins)
CTD Chemical Technology Division (ORNL)
CTD conductivity, temperature, and depth sensor
(instrument)
CTD continuous-temperature-depth
CTM Chemistry/Transport Models
CTS Committee on the Teaching of Science
CTSS Cray time-sharing system
CU University of Colorado
CUF capacity utilization factor
cv Calorific Value
C.V. coefficient of variation (math)
CVS Conference and Visitors' Services
CW continuous wave
CW "Conventional Wisdom" scenario, World Bank, 1990
CWA Clean Water Act (1977)
CWR continuous-wave radar
CWSF Chemical Waste Storage Facility
CY calendar year
CZCS coastal zone color scanner
CZM Coastal Zone Management
CZMA Coastal Zone Management Act (1972)
D
D/H deuterium/hydrogen (ratio)
1-D one-dimensional
2-D two-dimensional
3-D three-dimensional
4-D four-dimensional
4DDA four-dimensional (4D) data assimilation
1-D RCM one-dimensional radiative-convective model
2-D RCAM two-dimensional radiative-advective-convective equilibrium model
D Deuterium (also abbreviated as 2D or 2H)
DAAC Data Active Archive Center
DAAC Distributed Active Archive Center
DAC Data Assembly Centre (WOCE)
DADS Data Archive and Distribution System
DAEDALUS Documenting Aerosol Electromagnetics, Defining Aerosol Lifetimes, and
Understanding Sources (Research Stations)
DAR Division of Atmospheric Research (CSIRO)
(Aspendale, Victoria, Australia)
DARA Deutsche Agentur fur Raumfahrtangelegenheiten (Germany)
DARE data rescue
DARPA U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DAS data-assimilation system
DAS data acquisition system
DAS direct access system
DASA Deutsche Aerospace Administration
DASET Department of the Arts, Sports, the
Environment, Tourism, and Territories (formerly DASETT)
DASETT Department of the Arts, Sports, the
Environment, Tourism, and Territories (now DASET)
DAT Department of Science and Technology
DB direct-beam (irradiance)
DB direct broadcast
DBE Deep Basin Experiment
dbh diameter at breast height
DBMS data base management systems (Deutsche Forschungs-und Versuchsanstalt fur
Luft-und Raumfahrt (Germany)
DBS Doppler beam swinging
DC United States Department of Commerce
DC developing country
DC Dairy cattle
D.C. District of Columbia
DCAR Danish Centre for Atmospheric Research
DCDS Digital Cartographic Data Standard
DCDSTF Digital Cartographic Data Standards Task Force (Composed of members of
the NCDCDS and FICCDC/SWG)
DCF Discounted Cash Flow
DCP data collection platform
DCP-OES direct coupled plasma--optical emission spectroscopy
DCS data collection system
DCT dedicated carbon tax
DD degree day
DDF descriptive data file
DDL direct downlink
DDMP domain-decomposition-message-passing
DDRP Direct/Delayed Response Project
DDT dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (insecticide)
DE dynamics explorer
DE Decay
DE08 designation for an ice core drilled in 1977 at Law Dome, Antarctica
DEBITS Deposition of Biogeochemically Important Trace Species (IGAC)
DEC Digital Equipment Corporation
DECNet Digital Equipment Corporation Network
Dehydrite magnesium perchlorate anhydrous granular
dE/dt rate of evaporation (moisture loss from soil)
DEIS Draft Environmental Impact Statement
DEM digital elevation model
DEMR Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources
(Canada)
DEW distant early warning
DGCM Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
DGLR Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Luft-und Raumfahrt (Germany)
DGVM Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (GAIM)
DH chromosome-doubled haploid
DHCN Daily Historical Climate Network
DHHS United States Department of Health and Human Services
DHS Department of Human Services
DI Directorate
DIA Denmark's Academy for Engineering
DIAL Differential Absorption Lidar
DIC dissolved inorganic carbon
DICE Dynamic Integrated Climate Economy
DIDAC digital data acquisition system
DIF Data Interchange Format
DIS Data and Information Systems (EOS and IGBP)
Discovery Research vessel (U.K.)
DISORT discrete ordinate (model)
DIS-SC DIS Standing Committee
DISSPLA Display Integrated Software System and Plotting Language
DIU Data Information Unit
DIW Department of Industrial Works
DKD Deutscher Kalibrierdienst
DLG digital line graph
DLG-E digital line graph-enhanced
DLR Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft-und Raumfahrt (Germany)
DLS dynamic limb sounder
DM Data Management (WMO and WWW)
DM deep monitoring (wells)DMA Defense Mapping Agency (U.S.)
DMA direct memory access (computer term)
DMDS dimethyl disulfide
DM-MIMD distributed memory, multiple instruction, multiple data (computer)
DMS data management system
DMS dimethyl sulfide or dimethylsulphide
DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (U.S.)
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DND Department of National Defense (Canada)
DNES Department of Non-conventional Energy Sources (India)
DOA United States Department of Agriculture
DOAI Department of Agriculture, Indonesia
DOAS differential optical absorption spectroscopy
DOC dissolved organic carbon
DOC United States Department of Commerce
DOD United States Department of Defense
DOD Deutsches Ozeanographisches Datenzentrum (Germany)
DOE Department of the Environment (Canada)
DOE United States Department of Energy
DOI United States Department of Interior
DOJ United States Department of Justice
DOL United States Department of Labor
DOLY Dynamic Global Phytogeography Model (GCTE)
DOM dissolved organic macromolecules
DOM dissolved organic matter
DOMSAT Domestic Communications Satellite
DOMSTAR communications relay set
DOPLID Doppler lidar
DORIS Determination d'Orbite et Radio Positionement Integre par Satellite (France)
DORIS Doppler Orbit and Radio Positioning Integration by Satellite
DOS Department of Space
DOS United States Department of State
DOST Department of Science and Technology
DOT United States Department of Transportation
DOY day of year
DP direct playback
DPC display code (CDC)
DPC Domestic Policy Council
DPR development planning review
(D)PR dual precipitation radar
DPS Digital Photogrammetry System
DQO Data Quality Objectives
DRAW Direct Read After Write Animation System
DRS Data Relay Satellite
DRSS Data Relay Satellite System
DSB direct sounding broadcast
DSDP deep sea drilling project
DSIR Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
(now SRC) (U.K.)
DSIR Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences
(New Zealand)
DSM demand-side management
DSN Deep Space Network
DSP digital signal processing
DSRT Deep Sea Reversing Thermometer
DSS Data Support Section (NCAR)
DST data system tests
DST Department of Science and Technology
DTD digital terrain data
DTH Technical University of Denmark
DTR Diurnal temperature range
DU Dobson units
DUNDEE Down Under Doppler and Electricity Experiment
DWBM Office of Defense Waste Byproducts Management
DWS Doppler wind sensor
DYFAMED atmospheric dynamics and fluxes in the Mediterranean Sea (France)
(JGOFS)
DYN Dynamic Systems Project
E
E/GDP Ratio of energy consumption to gross domestic product
E/GNP Ratio of energy consumption to gross national product
EADS Environmental Assessment Data System
EARSeL European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories
EAS Environmental Analyses Section (ORNL)
EAs Environmental Assessments
EASIZ Ecology of the Antarctic Sea Ice Zone
EASOE European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment
EAWEP East Asia and Western Pacific
EAZO Energy Active Zones of the Ocean
EBBR Energy-Balance Bowen Ratio
EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Data Interchange Code (IBM)
EBM energy-balance model
EC eddy correlation
EC electron capture
EC elemental carbon
EC Environment Canada
EC European Community
EC European Communities or Commission of the European Communities
EC executive committee
EC Executive Council (WMO)
ECA Economic Commission for Africa (UN)
ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East
ECAMP Environmental Compliance Assessment and Management Program
(USAF)
ECC electrochemical concentration cell
ECD effective cutoff diameter
ECD electron capture detector (GC)
ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems
ECE Economic Commission for Europe (UN)
ECG Ecosystem Conservation Group (UNEP, FAO, UNESCO, and IUCN)
EC-GC electron capture-gas chromatograph
ECHAM European Centre/Hamburg Model (ECMWF/MPI)
ECHIVAL European International Project on
Climate and Hydrological Interactions between Vegetation, Atmosphere, and Land
Surfaces (BAHC and EPOCH)
ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America
ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN)
ECLIPS Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study
ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts (U.K.)
Ecom. EOS communications
ECN Netherlands Energy Research Foundation
ECN Environmental Change Network
ECOMARGE ecology of the continental margins (France) (JGOFS)
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (UN)
ECOWARM European Committee for Water Resources Management (IAHS)
ECS Environmentally Compatible Energy Strategies (project)
ECS EOSDIS Core System
ECSL European Centre for Space Law
ECTF Edinburgh Centre for Tropical Forests
ECU Environmental Change Unit (Oxford)
ECWA Economic Commission for Western Asia
ED Energy Division
EDA elevation difference accuracy
EDAS particulate/radon data system
EDC EROS Data Center
EDD Exchange of Digital Data
EDI electronic Data Interchange
EDI Equivalent-damage index
EDIS Environmental Data and Information Service
EDOS EOS Data and Operations System
EDP electronic data processing
EDS Environmental Data Service
EDSG Energy Demand Steering Group
EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetate
EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic (acid)
EDX energy-dispersive X-ray (analysis)
EDXS energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
EEC European Economic Communities
EEC European Economic Commission
EEFSU Eastern Europe and Former Soviet Union
EEI Edison Electric Institute
EEP east equatorial Pacific
EER external engineering review
EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone
EF Emission Factor
EFCC Externally Fired Combined Cycle
EFEDTA European Field Experiment in Decertification Threatened Area
(ECHIVAL and BAHC)
EFQ Estimated fuel quantity consumed (Used to determine carbon stored)
e.g. exempli gratia (for example) use only in parentheses or footnotes,
followed by a comma)
EGCM Eddy-resolving General Circulation Model
EGE Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
EG&G Edgerton, Germeshauser, and Greer
EGS European Geophysical Society
EIA Energy Information Administration (DOE)
EIPO European IGAC Project Office Steering
Committee
EIS environmental impact statement
EISCAT European Incoherent Scatter Facility
EISMV Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et de Medecine Veterinaire (Dakar)
EJ exajoule (1018 joules)
E-LIDAR experimental lidar
ELS Eastern Lake Survey
ELV expendable launch vehicle
EM electromagnetic
EMAP Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program
EMEP Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and
Evaluation of Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe
EMEP-CCC EMEP-Chemical Coordination Centre
EMEX Equatorial Mesoscale Experiment
EMF Energy Modelling Forum
EML Environmental Measurements Laboratory (DOE)
EMOC EOSDIS Mission Operations Center
EMR electromagnetic radiation
EMSL Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (EPA)
EMSL-LV Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory - Las Vegas (Nevada)
(EPA)
En Natural forest biomass used for energy
ENEA Energia Nucleare e delle Energie Alternative
(Italy)
ENEA Italian National Agency for New technology, Energy and the Environment
ENRIC Environment and Natural Resources Information Center
ENRICH European Network for Research on Global Change (CEC)
ENSO El Nino/Southern Oscillation (coupled oceanic-atmospheric change)
ENVISAT environmental satellite
EOC Earth Observation Center (NASDA)
EOC EOS Operations Center (NASA)
EOCAP Earth Observation Commercialization Application Program
EODC Earth Observing Data Center (U.K.)
EOF empirical orthogonal function
EO-ICWG Earth Observations International Coordination Working Group
EOPM electro-optic phase modulation
EORCU European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit
EOS Earth Observing System (U.S.)
EOS-AERO EOS Aerosol Mission
EOS-ALT EOS Altimetry Mission
EOS-AM EOS Morning Crossing (ascending) Mission or
Earth Observing System (morning pass)
EOSAT Earth Observation Satellite (commercial operator for satellite systems in
the U.S.)
EOS-CHEM EOS Chemistry Mission
EOSC Earth Observations Science Committee (of ESA)
EOSDIS EOS Data and
Information System
EOSP Earth Observing Scanning Polarimeter
EOS PM Earth Observing System (afternoon pass) or EOS Afternoon Crossing (descending) Mission
EOTC European Organization for Testing and Certification (EC)
EP Earth Probe
EP extraction procedure (RCRA and EPA)
EPA Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.)
EPA Environmental Protection Authority (Victoria, Australia)
EPC Environmental Protection Committee (Bahrain)
EPD European Pollen Database
EPER Environmental Processes and Effects Research (program)
EPI environmental productivity index
EPICA European Programme for Ice Coring in Antarctica (PAGES)
EPO EOS Project Office
EPOCH European Programme on Climate and
Hazards (EEC)
EPOP European Polar-Orbiting Platform
EPOPE Etude de Processes dans l'Ocean Pacifique Equatorial
EPRI Electric Power Research Institute (Palo Alto,
California)
EPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
EQPAC Equatorial Pacific (JGOFS)
ER Office of Energy Research
ER-2 Extended Range U-2 (aircraft)
ERB Earth Radiation Budget
ERBE Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
ERBES Earth Radiation Budget Explorer Satellite
ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Satellite
ERD Ecological Research Division (DOE and OHER)
ERDA U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (formerly AEC; now DOE)
ERDAS Earth Resources Data Analysis Systems
ERFEN Estudio Regional del Fenomeno El Nino
ERFU Environmental Restoration and Facilities Upgrade Program
ERIM Environmental Research Institute of Michigan
ERL Environmental Research Laboratory (Boulder,
Colorado) (NOAA)
ERNets Energy Research Networks
ERNI wet-only rainfall collector
EROC Ecological Rates of Change (NSF)
EROS Earth Resources Observation Satellite
EROS Earth Resources Observation System
EROS European River Ocean System (EEC)
ERP Environmental Research Parks
ERS Economic Research Service
ERS Earth Resources (or remote sensing) Satellite
ERS ESA Remote Sensing Satellite
ERS European Remote-Sensing Satellite
ERS-1 European Remote-Sensing Satellite-1
ERS-2 European Remote-Sensing Satellite-2
ERTS Earth Resources Technology Satellite (now Landsat)
ERTS-1 Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1
ESA Ecological Society of America
ESA Endangered Species Act (1973)
ESA Entomological Society of America
ESA Equatorial South America (START)
ESA European Space Agency
ESA/IRS European Space Agency/Information Retrieval Service
ESAD Earth Science and Applications Division (NASA
HQ)
ESAER European Space Agency's Earth Resources (Satellite)
ESAM Institute for Environmental Science and Management
ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN)
ESD Environmental Sciences Division (ORNL)
ESDIS Earth Science Data and Information System
ESF European Science Foundation
ESF/EPC ESF/European Palaeoclimate and Man Project
(holocene climate)
ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme
ESMR electronically (electrically) scanning microwave radiometer
ESOC European Space Operations Center
ESRC Environmental Science Research Center
ESRC Economic and Social Research Council
ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute
ESSA U.S. Environmental Science Services Agency
(forerunner of NOAA)
ESSC Earth System Sciences Committee
ESTAR electronically scanned thinned array radiometer (ARM)
ESTEC European Space Research and Technology Centre
ESTEC European Space Technology Centre (Netherlands)
ET evapotranpiration
ETA estimated time of arrival
ETAC Environmental Technical Applications Center (U.S.
Air Force)
ETAP Expanded Technical Assistance Program
ETC Energy Technology Center
ETC European Telecommunications Standards Institute (EC)
etc. and others especially of the same kind; and so forth
ETF Engineered Test Facility
ETF Environmental Task Force
ETI Economic Transition and Integration (project)
ETM enhanced thematic mapper (Landsat)
ETRP Education and Training Programme (WMO)
ETSA electron transport system activity
ETV electrothermal vaporizer
EU Agri-residue utilized for energy supply
EU European Union
EUMELI eutrophic, mesotrophic, and oligotrophic sites (France) (JGOFS)
EUMETSAT European Organization for the
Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
EUR Bureau of European Affairs
EURECA European Retrievable Carrier
EUROSTART European Planning Committee for START
EUROTRAC European Experiment on Transport and
Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents (in the Troposphere
over Europe)
EUV extreme ultraviolet
EVA extra vehicular activity
EXCOMM Executive Committee
EZE Asociacion Protestante de Cooperacion para el Desarrollo en Alemania
F
%FCO Fraction of carbon oxidized
f Fraction
FAA Federal Aviation Administration (U.S.)
FAB Finance and Budget
FAB Fraction actually burned
FABF Fraction of agri-residue burned in fields
FACE free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (GCTE)
FAD Fraction actually degrades
FAGS Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Services (ICSU)
FAI Fertilizer Association of India
FANGIO Feedback Analysis for GCM Intercomparison
and Observations
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) (ICSU)
FAP Food and Agriculture Project
FAPIS Formation en Amenagement Pastoral Integre au Sahel
FAQ Frequently Asked Question
FAR Federal Acquisition Regulations
FARS Facility for Atmospheric Remove Sensing
FASINEX Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment
FAST Fourier amplitude-sensitivity test
FATE Formation of Aerosol and their Transformation over Europe (EUROTRAC)
FB Fraction burned annually
FBS Frontal Boundary Study
FBC Fluidized Bed Combustor
FC Fuel Consumption
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change
FCCSET Federal Coordinating Council for Science,
Engineering, and Technology (now NSTC)
FCDS Fleet Consolidated Data Set (U.S. Navy)
FCST Federal Council for Science and Technology
FD Fraction that is dead
FDA facility disposal area
FDH Fixed Dynamical Heating
FDI field data investor
FDM finite difference method
FDOC Fraction of degradable organic carbon
FE Fossil Energy Program (DOE)
Fe iron
FEA Far East
FEDC Fusion Energy Design Center
FEDMAP Federal Geologic Mapping Project
FEIS final environmental impact statement
FeLINE Iron as a Limiting-Nutrient Experiment (CSIRO)
FEM finite element method
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (U.S.)
FEMA Finite Element Model of Material Transport through Aquifers
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FEWA Finite Element of Water Flow through Aquifers
FF free format
FFES Fossil Free Energy System
FFO Fraction of oxidized
FFT fast Fourier transformation
FGCC Federal Geodetic Control Committee (U.S.
National Ocean Service)
FGD Flue Gas Desulphurisation
FGDC Federal Geographic Data Commission
FGEF Federal Geographic Exchange Format
FGGE First GARP
Global Experiment (WMO)
FGGE SOP FGGE Special Observing Period
FICCDC Federal Interagency Coordinating
Committee on Digital Cartography (USGS)
FICCDC/SWG FICCDC/Standards Working Group (U.S.)
FID flame ionization detector (GC)
FIELD Foundation for International Environmental Law and Development
FIFE First ISLSCP Field Experiment
FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
FIN Fish Information Network (data base)
FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard
FIRE First ISCCP Regional Experiment
FIREIFO First ISCCP Regional Experiment
FIRESCAN Fire Research Campaign Asia-North
FIT Field Investigation Team (EPA)
FIZ Fachinformationszentrum
FL Fraction that live
FLAIR Measurement of Micronutrient Absorption and Status
FLINN Fiducial Laboratories for an International Natural Sciences Network
FLM federal land manager (e.g., National Park Service)
FLUPAC flux dans l'ouest du Pacifique equatorial (France) (JGOFS)
FMFR four-minus-five restoral
FMFT four-minus-five test
FNOC Fleet Numerical Oceanographic Center (U.S. Navy)
FNWC Fleet Numerical Weather Center (U.S. Navy)
FO furnace oil
FOAM Fates of Aromatic Model
FOLD federally owned Landsat data
FOR Forestry Resources (project)
FORAST Forest Response to Anthropogenic Stress (model)
FORET Forest of East Tennessee (model)
FORTE fast on-orbit recording of transient events
FORTRAN FORmula TRANslation (a computer language)
FOT flight operations team
FOT Fourier Optical Transform
FOV field-of-view (of vision)
FPD flame photometric detector
FR Federal Register (use with numbers in text; use "Fed. Regis." in
reference lists)
Fr Quantity of biomass cleared annually from natural forests
Fr Fraction of liquid waste treated anaerobically (In methane emissions from
municipal liquid waste)
FRAM Fine Resolution Antarctic Model (U.K.)
FRG Federal Republic of Germany (now Germany)
FRI Forest Research Institute
FRLAB Front Range Lidar, Aircraft, and Balloon (experiment)
FRONTAL frontal process studies (France) (JGOFS)
FRR fast repetition rate
FRRPA Forest and Rangeland Renewable Planning Act (1974)
FS Forest Service (USDA)
FSI Forest Survey of India
FSL Forecast Systems Laboratory (ERL and NOAA)
FSSP forward scattering spectrometer probe
FST field support terminal
FSU Florida State University (Tallahasee)
FT Free troposphere
FTIR Fourier transform infrared
FTIR Fourier transform infrared radiometer (spectroscopy)
FTP file transfer protocol
FTP/A field task proposal/agreement
FTS Fournier transform spectrometer
FTS full turbulence simulation
FTS file transfer system
FTU Formazin turbidity unit
FUA Fuel Use Act
FW filter wheel
FWCA Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (1958)
FWM food web model
FWP Field Work Proposal
FWPCA Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1972)
FWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
FWWTA Fraction of waste water treated anaerobically
FY fiscal year
G
G-1 Gulfstream-1 (airplane)
G-7 Group of Seven (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom,
United States
g gram
GA geographic analysis
GAC global area coverage
GAGE Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
GAIM Global Analysis, Interpretation, and Modelling
(IGBP)
GH Gas Heater
GALE Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment
GAME GEWEX-related Asian Monsoon Experiment
GAMETAG Global Atmospheric Measurements Experiment of Tropospheric
Aerosols and Gases
GARP Global Atmospheric Research Program (WMO, ICSU, and NOAA)
GATE GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment
GATE Global Atmosphere Tropical Experiment
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GAW Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO)
GBF/DIME Geographic Base Files/Dual Independent Map Encoding (U.S. Census Bureau)
Gbps gigabits per second
GBSRN Global Baseline Surface Radiation Network
GC gas chromatography (chromatograph)
GCC global change category
GCCD Global Climate Change Digest (CEI)
GCDB Geographic Coordinates Data Base
GCDIS Global Change Data and Information System
GCEP Global Change Education Program
GCHC Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center (USGS)
GCIP GEWEX
Continental-Scale International Project
GCM General (global) Circulation Model
GCM Global Climate Model
GC/MS gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
GCO Generation Certification Official (waste generation)
GCOS Global Climate Observing System (WMO, IOC, UNEP, and ICSU)
GCP Ground Control Point
GCPI Cape Grim Photochemical Intensive (CSIRO)
GCRIO Global Change Research Information Office
GCRP Global Change Research Program
GCSS GEWEX Cloud System Study
GCSS Global Cloud Systems Study
GCTE Global Change in Terrestrial Ecosystems
(program) (IGBP)
GCTE-SSC GCTE Scientific Steering Committee
GCTM Global Chemical Transport Model
GCV gross calorific value
GDAAC Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center
GDAS Grimco data acquisition system
GDC Global Data Centre
GDP gross domestic product
GDPS Global Data-Processing System (WMO and WWW)
GDSIDB Global Digital Sea-Ice Data Bank (WMO/CMM)
GDR Geophysical Data Record
GDR German Democratic Republic (now Germany)
GE General Electric
GEBA Global Energy Balance Archive
GEC global environment change
GEDEX Greenhouse Effect Detection Experiment
GEF Global Environment Facility (WB, UNDP, and UNEP)
GEF Global Environmental Fund
GEIA Global Emissions Inventory Activity (IGAC)
GEISA Gestion et d'Etude des Information Spectroscopiques Atmospheriques
GEM Geospace Environment Modeling
GEM-HEX Geochemical, Microbiological, and Hydrological Experiment
GEMS Global Environmental Monitoring System (UNEP)
GENESIS Global Environmental and Ecological Simulation of Interactive Systems
GENIE Global Environmental Network for Information Exchange
GENLEAF generic models of leaf response
GEO Geostationary Earth Observation
GEOM geographically detailed model
GEOS Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite
Geos-3 Geodetic Satellite Mission (NASA)
Geosat Geologic Satellite (program) (USN)
Geosat Geodesy satellite (USN)
GEOSECS Geochemical Ocean Sections Study
GER Global Environmental Research (U.K.)
GERG Global Environment Research Group
GESAMP Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution
GEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
(WCRP)
GF3 General Format No. 3
GFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA)
GFDL Goddard Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
GFLOPS one gigaflop equals 1 billion (109) floating point operations
per second (measure of computer processing capability)
GFO Geosat follow-on
GGI GPS geoscience instrument
GGI greenhouse-gas indices
GGS global geospace science
GHCN Global Historical Climatology Network
GHG greenhouse gas(es)
GHz gigahertz
GIF Graphical Interchange Format
GIM Global Integration and Modeling (IGAC)
GIMMS Global Inventory Modeling and Monitoring Study
GIS geographic information system (a system for
management, manipulation, analysis, and display of spatial data)
GISMO graphic-information-system modeling
GISP Greenland Ice Sheet Project (NSF and PAGES)
GISP2 Greenland Ice Sheet Project
GISP II Second Greenland Ice Sheet Project (U.S.)
GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA)
GIT gastrointestinal tract
GIT Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta)
GJ giga (109) joule
GL Geophysics Laboratory
GLAS Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (formerly
GLRS-A)
GLAS Goddard Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences
GLBC Great Lakes Basin Commission
GLI global imager
GLIS Global Land Information System
GLL Galileo
GLOBE Global Land One kilometer Base Elevation (DIS)
GLOBE Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment
GLOBEC Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (SCOR)
GLOBEC Global Marine Ecosystem Dynamics (program)
GLOCARB Global Tropospheric Carbon Dioxide Network (IGAC)
GLOCHANT Global Change Research in the Antarctic (SCAR)
GLOCHEM Global Atmospheric Chemical Survey (IGAC)
GloED Global Emissions Database
GLONET Global Tropospheric Ozone Network (IGAC)
GLOSS Global Sea-Level Observing System (IOC)
GLRC Great Lakes Research Center (LSC and NOAA)
GLRD Great Lakes Research Division
GLRS Geoscience Laser Ranging System
GLRS-A Geoscience Laser Ranging System-Altimeter
(now GLAS)
GLRS-R Geoscience Laser Ranging System-Ranger
GMCC Geophysical Monitoring for Climate Change (now CMDL)
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (IMO)
GMP genetically modified plants
GMS Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (Japan)
GMSC Geologic Map Standards Committee (USGS)
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
GNIS Geographic Names Information System (USGS)
GNP Gross National Product
GNO Gross Product Originating
GO3OS Global Ozone Observing System (WMO)
GOALS Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (program)
GOED Global Oceans Ecosystems Dynamics
GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellite
GOES Geosynchronous Operational Environmental Satellite
GOES Global Oceans Ecosystems Dynamics
GOES Global Omnibus Environmental Survey (HDGEC)
GOEZS Global Ocean Euphotic Zone Study (IGBP, SCOR, and WCRP)
GOF Global Ocean Flux
GOFS Global Ocean Flux Study
GOI government of India
GOIN Global Observation Information Network
GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
GOMI Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument
GOMOS Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars
GOMR global ozone monitoring radiometer
GONG Global Oscillation Network Group
GOOS Global Ocean Observing System (IOC, UNESCO, WMO, and ICSU)
GOOS Global Ozone Observing System (IOC, UNESCO, WMO, and ICSU)
GOP Geographical Observatories Programme
GOS Global Observing System (WMO and WWW)
GOS :Geomagnetic Observing System
GPC Global Processing Center
GPCC Global Precipitation Climatology Center (data base)
GPCP Global Precipitation Climatology Project
GPI GOES Precipitation Index
GPO Government Printing Office (U.S.)
GPS Global Positioning System
GPSDR Global Positioning System Demonstration Receiver
GR growth rate
GRADO CNES Gravity Satellite (France)
GRASS Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)
GRDC Global Runoff Data Centre
GRECA Group of Experts on Accident Consequences (NEA and OECD)
GREENS Global Redevelopment with Energy Environment Sustainability
GREENTIE Greenhouse Gas Technology Information Exchange
GRGS Groupe de Recherches de Geodesic Spatiale (France)
GRID Global Resource Information Database (UNEP)
GRIP Greenland Icecore Project (PAGES) (Europe)
GRIMCO CGBAPS computing system
GRM NASA Gravity Satellite (U.S.)
GRO Gamma Ray Observatory (NASA)
GSA General Services Administration
GSA Geological Society of America
GS&M Modeling (task team)
GSC Geological Survey of Canada (DEMR)
GSF Gesellschaft fur Strahlen und Umweltforschung mbH Munchen (Germany)
GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA)
GSL Gulf Stream Locale
GSMNP Great Smoky Mountains National Park
GSN Global Seismic Network
GSP Greenland Sea Project
GSPDC Geostationary Satellite Precipitation Data Centre
GSRN Global Surface Radiation Network
Gt gigaton (1,000 million tons)
GtC gigatons (or gigatonnes) of carbon
GTCC Gas Turbine Combined Cycle
GTCE Global Tropospheric Chemistry Experiment
GTE Global Tropospheric Experiment
GTOS Global Terrestrial Observing System
GTS Global Telecommunications System (WMO and
WWW)
GUI graphical user interface
GVap GEWEX Water Vapor Project ("GvaP"is
preferred)
GVaP GEWEX Water Vapor Project (preferred over
"GVap")
GW Gigawatt
GWE Global Weather Experiment
GWh giga watt hour
GWP greenhouse (global) warming potential
H
H-1211 Halon 1211; CBrClF2
H-1301 Halon 1301; CBrF3
H2 hydrogen
H2O water
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
ha hectare
HAAP high-altitude aerial photograph
HAE height above ellipsoid
HAGE human activity and global environment
HALOE Halogen Occultation Experiment
HALSS high-altitude lidar sensing station
HAMOCC Hamburg Ocean Carbon Cycle Model
HAO High Altitude Observatory (NCAR)
HAP hazardous air pollutant
HAPEX Hydrological-Atmospheric Pilot Experiment
(GEWEX)
HAPEX-MOBILHY HAPEX-MOdelisation du BILan
Hydrique
HARM Hazard Assessment Rating Methodology
HASL Health and Safety Laboratory
HASP High Altitude Sampling Program
HBJ Hazira-Bijapur-Jagdishpur (India)
HBL Hudson Bay Lowland
HBr hydrogen bromide
HBW half band-width
HCBP hexachlorobiphenol
HCCD Historical Canadian Climate Database
HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HCFC-141b hydrochlorofluorocarbon-141b (CH3CCl2F)
HCFC-142b hydrochloroflourocarbon-142b (CH3CClF2)
HCFC-22 hydrochloroflourocarbon-22 (CHClF2,
chlorodifluoromethane)
HCHO formaldehyde (also written as CH2O)
HCl hydrogen chloride
HCMM Heat-Capacity Mapping Mission
HCMM/AEM-1 HCMM/Applications Explorer Mission-1
HCMR heat-capacity mapping radiometer
HCN Historical Climatology Network
HCN hydrogen cyanide
HCND Historical Climatology Network-Daily
HD hierarchical diagnosis
HDF hierarchical data format
HDGCB Human Dimensions of Global Change (programme) (UNU, ISSC, and IFIAS)
HDGEC Human Dimensions of Global Environmental
Change (programme) (ISSC)
HDP Human Dimensions Program (SEDAC)
HDP Human Dimensions of Global Environmental
Change Program (ISSC)
HDRL High-Dose Reference Laboratory
HDTV High-Definition Television
HEC Hydro-Electric Commission (Tasmania)
HECP Herbaceous Energy Crops Program
HEIFE Heihe River Field Experiment
HELCOM Helsinki Commission
HEM Harmonizations of Environmental Measurement (program)
HESS High Latitude Ecosystems as Sources and Sinks of Trace Gases (IGAC)
HEW Health, Education, and Welfare
HF hydrogen fluoride
HFC hydrofluorocarbon
HGCC Hot Gas Clean Up
HHMS Hydrostatic Head Monitoring Station
HHS Department of Health and Human Services
HHV Higher Heating Value (thermal efficiency basis)
HI human interactions
HIC Habitat International Coalition
HILDA high-latitude diffusive-advective model
HIMSS high-resolution microwave spectrometer
sounder (now MIMR)
HIRDLS high-resolution dynamics limb sounder
HIRIS high-resolution imaging spectrometer
HIRS high-resolution infrared radiation sounder
HIS high-resolution interferometer sounder
HIS high-spectral resolution interferometer sounder
HITRAN High Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption Database
HLQ holocellulose/lignocellulose quotient
HLW high-level waste
HMCRI Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute
HMMR high-resolution multifrequency microwave radiometer
HMSU high-resolution microwave sounding unit
HMTA Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
HMW high molecular weight
HNO3 nitric acid
HNRC HOMS National Reference Centre
HOC hydrophobic organic compounds
HOCl hypochlorous acid
HOMS Hydrological Operational Multipurpose
Subprogramme (OHP and WMO)
HOT Hawaii ocean time (series)
HOx odd hydrogen (OH and H2O2)
HP health physicist
HP health physics
HP Hewlett-Packard (gas chromatograph manufacturer)
HP High Pressure
HPCC High Performance Computing and Communications
HPCRC High Performance Computing Research Center (ORNL)
HPD Hydrometeorological Processes Division
HPLC high-precision liquid chromatography
HPLC high-pressure liquid chromatograph/chromatography
HPS Health Physics Society (Bethesda, Maryland)
HQ headquarters
HRDI high-resolution Doppler imager
HRE Homogeneous Reactor Experiment (impoundment)
HRIRS high-resolution infrared radiation sounder
HROI high-resolution optical instrument
HRPT high-resolution picture transmission (AVHRR)
HRS Hazard Ranking System (EPA)
HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator
HRV high resolution video (SPOT)
HRV high resolution visible
HSA Historic Sites Act (1935)
HSL Hazardous Substance List (EPA)
HSRL High Spectral Resolution Lidar
HSRP High Speed Research Program
HST Hawaii standard time
HST Hubble Space Telescope
HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (1984)
html hypertext markup language
http hypertext transport protocol
HTW High Temperature Winkler gasifier
HUD Department of Housing and Urban Development (U.S.)
HUMICAP Humidity sensor on drifters (FASINEX)
HVI high-volume impactor
HVS high-volume sampler
HWRP Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (WMO)
HYNET Intercomparison of Operational Hydrological Network Design
Techniques
Hz hertz (cycles per second)
I
3I improved initialization inversion
IAA International Academy of Astronautics
IABO International Association of Biological Oceanography (ICSU)
IABP International Arctic Buoy Programme
IAC International Activities Committee
IACG Interagency Committee on Geomatics (DEMR)
IACGEC Inter-Agency Committee on Global Environmental Change
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency (UN)
IAEG International Association for Engineering Geology
IAF International Astronautical Federation
IAG International Association of Geodesy (IUGG)
IAGA International Association of Geomagnetism and Agronomy (IUGG)
IAGC International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry
IAH International Association of Hydrogeologists (IUGS)
IAHR International Association for Hydraulic Research
IAHS International Association of Hydrological
Sciences (IUGG)
IAI Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (START)
IAL International Association of Theoretical Applied Limnologists
IAMAP International Association of Meteorology and
Atmospheric Physics (IUGG)
IAMAP-IAHS IAMAP-International Association of
Hydrological Sciences (IUGG)
IAMAS International Association of Meteorology and
Atmospheric Sciences (IUGG and ICSU)
IAOPA International Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
IAP Institute of Atmospheric Physics
IAPSO International Association for Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IUGG and ICSU)
IAR Institute for Atmospheric Radioactivity (Feiberg, Germany)
IAS Image Analysis System
IASC International Arctic Sciences Committee
IASI infrared atmospheric sounding instrument
IASI improved atmospheric sounding interferometer
IASI infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer
IASPEI International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's
Interior (IUGG)
IASTED International Association of Science and
Technology for Development
IATA International Air Transport Association
IATUL International Association of Technological University Libraries
IAU International Astronomical Union
IAVCEI International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's
Interior (IUGG)
IAWPRC International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control
IBM International Business Machines (Corp.)
IBM PC International Business Machines Personal Computer
IBP International Biological Programme (ICSU)
IBP International Biophysical Program
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
IBSRAM International Board for Soil Research and Management
IBSS Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas (Russian Federation;
formerly U.S.S.R.)
IBWC International Boundary and Water Commission (Independent; U.S. and Mexico)
IC industrialized country
IC interaction coefficient
IC Intergovernmental Council
IC ion chromatography
ICA International Communication Agency
ICACGP International Commission on Atmospheric
Chemistry and Global Pollution (IAMAS)
ICALPE International Centre for Alpine Environments (Chambery, France)
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICAR International Center for Action Research
ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas
ICARUS Interagency Climate-Aerosol Radiative Uncertainties and Sensitivities
(Program)
ICAS International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences
ICASVR International Committee on Atmosphere-Soil-Vegetation Relations
(IAHS)
ICC Instrument Control Center
ICCE International Commission on Continental Erosion (IAHS)
ICDB Ice Core Data Bank
ICE International Cirrus Experiment
ICE International Cometary Explorer
ICEAR International Centre for Equatorial Atmospheric Research (Indonesia)
ICES International Council for the Exploration of the Seas
ICF Instrument Control Facility
ICGW International Commission on Ground Water (IAHS)
ICIC Intercalibrations-Intercomparisons (IGAC)
ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India
ICID International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage
ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development for the
Hindu-Kush Himalayan Region (Katmandu, Nepal)
ICIP International Conference on Image Processing
ICL integrated cloud liquid
ICL International-Union Commission on the Lithosphere (ICSU)
ICLD International Commission on Large Dams
ICN ice condensation nuclei
ICOLD International Commission on Large Dams
ICP inductively coupled plasma emission (spectroscopy)
ICP/MS inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry
ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma--optical emission spectroscopy
ICPP Idaho Chemical Processing Plant
ICRAF International Council for Research in Agroforestry
ICRCCM Intercomparison of Radiation Codes in Climate Models (program)
ICRM International Committee on Radionuclide Meteorology
ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection
ICRSDT International Committee on Remote Sensing and Data Transmission
(IAHS)
ICRU International Commission on Radiological Units
ICSC International Civil Service Commission
ICSD International Continental Scientific Drilling (program)
ICSI International Commission on Snow and Ice (IAHS)
ICSTI International Council for Scientific and Technical Information
ICSU International Council of Scientific Unions
ICSU-ACE ICSU Advisory Committee on the Environment
ICSW International Commission on Surface Water (IAHS)
ICTP International Centre for Theoretical Physics
ICWG International Coordination Working Group
ICWQ International Commission on Water Quality (IAHS)
ICWRS International Commission on Water Resources Systems (IAHS)
IDA International Development Agency
IDASS Integrated Data Assimilation and Sounding System
IDB Inter-American Development Bank
IDCCC Interior Department Cartographic Coordinating Committee (DOI)
IDCS Image Dissector Camera System
IDDSAC Interim Data Documentation Standard for ARC/INFO Averages
IDEAL International Decade for the East African Lakes (project) (PAGES)
IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction
IDP Instrument Development Program
IDRI Thailand Development Research Institute
IDS interdisciplinary science
IDSS Integrated Data Sounding System
IDRI Thailand Development Research Institute
IEA Institute of Energy Analysis
IEA International Energy Agency
IEA/ORAU Institute of Energy Analysis/Oak Ridge Associated Universities
IEC Implementation and Effectiveness of International Environmental
Commitments
IEE Institution of Electrical Engineers
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
IEEE Institute for Electronics and Electrical Engineering
IELV intermediate expendable launch vehicle
IEM Institute of Experimental Meteorology
IEOS International Earth Observing System
IERS International Earth Reference System
IERS International Ellipsoid Reference System
IEW International Energy Workshop
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development (UN)
IFDC International Fertilizer Development Center
IFE Institute for Energy Technology (Norway)
IFIAS International Federation of Institutes for
Advanced Study
IFIM Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service)
IFMH Institut fur Meereskunde, Hamburg, Germany
IFMK Institut fur Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany
IFN Ice-freezing nuclei
IFO intensive field observation
IFOV instantaneous field of view
IFRB International Frequency Registration Board
IFREMER Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploration de la Mer
IFRTP Institut Francais pour la Researche et la Technologie Polaire (French
Institute for Polar Research Technology)
IFS Integrated Forest Study on the Effects of Atmospheric Deposition
IFS International Foundation for Science
IFU Fraunhofer Institute for Atmospheric Environmental Research (Germany)
IFYGL International Field Year for the Great Lakes (IHD)
IG Institute of Geography
IGAC International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
IGAC International Global Atmospheric Chemistry
(Program) (IGBP and ICACGP)
IGAC-SSC IGAC Scientific Steering Committee
IGAP International Global Aerosol Program
IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
(ICSU)
IGBP-DIS IGBP Data and
Information System
IGC International Geophysical Cooperation
IGCC Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
IGCP International Geological Correlation Programme (IUGS and UNESCO)
IGEA International Group of Funding Agencies for Global Change Research
IGFA Inter-Governmental Funding Agencies
IGFA International Group of Funding Agencies (for Global Change Research)
IGLD International Great Lakes Datum
IGN Institut Geographique National
IGO Intergovernmental Organization
IGOSS Integrated Global Ocean Services System (WMO/IOC)
IGOSS Integrated Global Ocean Station System (UNESCO)
IGPO International GEWEX Project Office
IGRSS International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
IGS International Glaciological Society
IGT Institute of Gas Technology (Chicago)
IGU International Geographical Union (ICSU)
IGY International Geophysical Year (1 July 1957 - 31 December 1958)
IHB International Hydrographic Bureau
IHD International Hydrological Decade (UNESCO)
IHO International Hydrographic Organization
IHP International Hydrological Program (UNESCO)
IHS International Heliospheric Study
IHSS International Humic Substances Society
II interdisciplinary investigator
IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Vienna)
IIG Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
IIID International Institute of Information Design
IIOE International Indian Ocean Expedition
IISL International Institute of Space Law
IITM Indian Institute for Tropical Meteorology
IJC International Joint Commission (Independent; Canada and U.S.)
ILAS Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer
ILO International Labor Organization
ILWAS Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (EPRI)
IMA Information Management and Archives (Office)
IM-Al inorganic monomeric aluminum
IMAGE Integrated Model to Assess the Greenhouse Effect
IMAGES International Marine Global Change Study (PAGES and SCOR)
IMB Investigator of Micro-Biosphere
IMC ice mass content
IMCO Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization
IMD India Meteorological Department
IMF ice mass flux
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMG Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases
IMO International Maritime Organization
IMO International Meteorological Organization (formerly WMO)
IMOP Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme (WMO)
IMP ice mass path
IMS Information Management Services
IMS Information Management System
IMS International Mountain Society
IMU International Mathematical Union
IN ice nuclei
in. inch
Inc. Incorporated
INC Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (for a Framework Convention on
Climate Change)
INC International Negotiating Convention
INCD International Convention to Combat Decertification
IND Industrial Metabolism Project
INDIGO French programme, Indien Gaz Ocean
INEL Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
INFOCLIMA World Climate Data Information and Referral System
INFOTERRA International Referral System for Sources of Environmental Information (UNEP)
INPA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazona (Brazil)
INPE Brazilian Institute for Space Research (Brazil)
INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espacialis Brazilian (Brazil)
INQUA International Union for Quaternary Research
INRA Institut National de Recherche Agronomiques (France)
INS inertial navigation system
INS Institute Scholars
INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliques (France)
INSAT Indian Satellite
INSTARR Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (University of Colorado, Boulder)
INSULA International Scientific Council for Island Development (NGO)
INT p-iodonitrotetrazolium
INTECOL International Association of Ecology (ICSU
and IUBS)
INZN Institut Zairois pour la Conservation de la Nature
I/O input/output
IO input/output
IOB Inter-Organization Board for Information Systems and Related Activities
IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Council (UNESCO)
IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO)
IOC International Ozone Commission
IOCARIBE IOC Sub-Commission for the Carribbean and Adjacent Regions
IODE International Oceanographic Data/Information Exchange (IOC)
IOP intensive observing period
IOPG Indian Ocean Planning Group (JGOFS)
IOS Institute of Ocean Sciences (Canada)
IP independent pixel
IP Internet Protocol
IPB Bogor Agriculture Institute (Indonesia)
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (WMO and UNEP)
IPCC-EIS IPCC-Energy and Industry Subgroup
IPCC/RSWG/EIS IPCC/Response Strategies Working
Group/Energy and Industry Subgroup
IPEI Ionospheric Plasma and Electrodynamics Instrument
IPMS International Polar Motion Service
IPO WOCE International Planning Office
IPOC International Partner Operations Center
IPR Intellectual Property Right
IPS Inter Press Service
IPV isentropic potential vorticity
IQSY International Quiet Sun Years
ir infrared (preferred over "IR")
IR Infrared ("ir" is preferred)
IRAP Interdisciplinary Panel on Climate Change
IRC International Radiation Commission
IRD Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (Brazil)
IRF instantaneous radiative transfer
IRGA infrared gas analyzer
IRI International Reference Ionosphere
IRIS Incorporated Research Institution for Seismology
IRIS infrared interferometer spectrometer
IRIS integrated radar imaging system
IRP Installation Restoration Program
IRRI International Rice Research Institute
IRSS Indian Remote Sensing Satellite
IRSSP Interactive Remote Sensing Software Package
IRTM infrared thermal mapper
IRTS infrared temperature sounder
IS92 IPCC Scenarios, 1992
IS Image Subtraction
ISA Israel Space Agency
ISA Italian Space Agency
ISAMS improved stratospheric and mesospheric sounder
ISAR Intelligent Synthetic Aperture Radar
ISAS Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (Japan)
ISC International Seismological Centre
ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology
Program (WCRP)
ISEATRA International Symposium on Ecological Aspects of Tree-Ring Analysis
ISEB 10 Tenth International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry
ISEE International Sun-Earth Explorer
ISEM International Society for Ecological Modelling
ISFA International Scientific Film Association
ISI International Statistical Institute
ISLSCP International Satellite Land-Surface
Climatology Project (GEWEX and WCRP)
ISO International Standards Organization
ISOS International Southern Ocean Studies
ISP International Society for Photogrammetry
ISPRS International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
ISPs Integrated Steel Plants
ISRIC International Soil Reference and Information Centre
ISRO Indian Space Research Organization
ISS integrated sounding system
ISSC International Social Science Council
ISSP ICSU Solar System Panel
ISSS International Society of Soil Science
ISSMFE International Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering
IST Instrument Support Terminal
ISTAP International Space Technology Assessment Program
ISTP International Solar Terrestrial Physics
ISU International Space University
ISWS Illinois State Water Survey
ISY International Space Year (1992)
ITASE International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (PAGES)
ITB Bandung Institute of Technology (Indonesia)
ITB Intergovernmental TOGA Board
ITC International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences
ITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone
ITE Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (NERC)
ITEM International Technology Environmental (data base) Management (system)
ITEX International Tundra Experiment (USMAB
Directorate on High Latitude Ecosystems)
ITIR infrared thermal imaging radiometer (now ASTER)
ITIR intermediate and thermal infrared radiometer
ITOS Improved TIROS Operational System
ITOY International Tropospheric Ozone Year
ITPO International TOGA Planning Office
ITPP International TOVS Processing Package
ITPR infrared temperature profile radiometer
ITRA intercomparison of transmittance and radiance algorithms
ITRC Industrial Toxicology Research Centre
ITRDB International Tree-Ring Data Bank
ITSC International TOVS Study Conference
ITU integrated terrain unit
ITU International Telecommunication Union
IUAES International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences
IUB International Union of Biochemistry (ICSU)
IUBMB International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
IUBS International Union of Biological Sciences (ICSU)
IUCAF Inter-Union Commission on Frequency Allocation for Radio Astronomy
and Space Science
IUCC Information Unit on Climate Change
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources (now World Conservation Union) (Switzerland)
IUCr International Union of Crystallography
IUCRM Inter-Union Commission on Radio Meteorology
IUCS Inter-Union Commission on Spectroscopy
IUE international ultraviolet explorer
IUFRO International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (Secretariat,
Schonbruan, Vienna)
IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
(ICSU)
IUGS International Union of Geological Sciences (ICSU)
IUHPS International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science
IUNS International Union of Nutritional Sciences
IUPAB International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics (ICSU)
IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (ICSU)
IUPAP International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (ICSU)
IUPHAR International Union of Pharmacology
IUPS International Union of Physiological Sciences
IUPsyS International Union of Psychological Science
IUR International Union of Radioecologists
IUTAM International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ICSU)
IVA intra vehicular activities Instituto Venezuelan de Investigaciones Cientificas
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
IV&V independent verification and validation
IWC Ice water content
IWG Investigators Working Group
IWGDMGC Interagency Working Group on Data Management for Global Change
(U.S.)
IWP Ice water path
IWRA International Water Resources Association
IWSA International Water Supply Association
IZMIRAN Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Radio Research, and the Ionosphere
(Academy of Sciences) (Russian Federation; formerly U.S.S.R.)
J
JASIN Joint Sea-Air Interaction Experiment
JASON Scientific panel (MITRE Corporation
JAWS Joint Airport Weather Studies (project)
JECOR U.S.-Saudi Arabian
Joint Commission of Economic Cooperation
JEDA Joint Environmental Data Center
JEE Japan Environment Agency
JEM Japanese Experiment Module
JEOS Japanese Earth Observing System
JEOS Japanese Earth Observing Satellite
JERS-1 Japanese Earth Remote-sensing Satellite-1
JERS Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JPOP)
JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (program) (IGBP and SCOR)
JGOFS GS JGOFS Global Synthesis
JGOFS PM JGOFS Photosynthetic Measurements (task
team)
JGOFS-SSC JGOFS Scientific Steering Committee
JI Joint Implementation
JICST Japan Information Center of Science and Technology
JIN Joint Implementation Network
JIU joint inspection unit
JJA June-July-August
JMA Japan Meteorological Agency
JOC Joint Organizing Committee
JOI Joint Oceanographic Institutions (Inc.)
JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory (California Institute of Technology) (NASA)
JPOP Japanese Polar-Orbiting Platform (JERS)
JSC Johnson Space Center
JSC Joint Scientific Committee (ICSU, WCRP, and WMO)
JSC-WCRP Joint Scientific Committee for the WCRP (ICSU and WMO)
JST Japan Standard Time
JTC joint transfer correlation
JTU Jackson turbidity unit
K
K kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature (the number of kelvins equals the
number of degrees Celsius plus 273.15)
ka thousands of years
KAHE time series station off Kahe Point, Hawaii
kbps kilobits per second
KEEP Kuroshio Edge Exchange Processes
KERFIX Kerguelen fixed station (France) (JGOFS)
keV kilo electron volts
kg kilogram
kHz kilohertz
kJ kilojoule (energy measure)
km kilometer
KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
Kow octanol-water partition coefficient
kPa kiloPascal (pressure above ambient (100 kPa = 1 atmosphere excess))
Kr krypton
KSC Kennedy Space Center (NASA)
KUM Cape Kumukahi, Hawaii
kW kilowatt
kWh kilowatt hours (3.6 million joules)
kyr kiloyear
L
L/C land cover
L liter
LAC levelized annual cost
LAC local area coverage
LAF Lake Acidification and Fisheries (EPRI)
LAGCM general circulation model at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
LAGEOS Laser Geodynamics Satellite
LAI leaf area index
LAID land-atmosphere interactions dynamics
LAMBADA Large-scale Atmospheric Moisture Balance of Amazona using Data
Assimilation (BAHC and GEWEX)
LAMP Lake Acidification Mitigation Project (EPRI)
LAN local area network
Landsat Land Remote-Sensing Satellite (formerly
ERTS) (NASA)
Landsat land satellite (photographs of the ground)
LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory
LANL/ACL Los Alamos National Laboratory's Advanced Computing Laboratory
LAPAN National Institute for Aeronautics and Space (Indonesia)
LaRC Langley Research Center (NASA)
LASE Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment
LASER light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
LASR Library Access, Search, and Retrieval
LASS Local Area Sounding System
lat. latitude
LAWS laser atmospheric wind sounder
LBL Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (University of California)
LBL line-by-line
LBLRTM line-by-line radiative transfer model
LCC land cover change
LCL lifting condensation level
LDC less-developed country
LDEO Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
LDGO Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
LDR linear depolarization ratio
LEADEX Leads Experiment
LEAPS Low Electron Attachment Potential Species
LEBS Low Emission Boiler Systems
LEFI local electric field instrument
LEMA Long-term Ecological Modelling Activity (GCTE)
LERTS Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Teledetection Spatiale (France)
LES Lincoln Experimental Satellite
LFM limited fine-mesh model
LGM Last Glacial Maximum
LHV Lower Heating Value
LI library
Lidar laser-radar
Lidar light detection and ranging (instrument)
LIDQA Landsat Image Data Quality and Analysis
LIGA Last InterGlacial in the Arctic (project)
LIMS Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere
LIPI Marine Pollution Monitoring Center (including LIPI's Network of the Center
for Research and Development in Oceanography)
LIPI Minister of State for Population and Research Environment (Indonesia)
LIPI The Indonesian Institute of Sciences
LIRAD lidar/radiometer
LIS land information system
LIS lightning imaging sensor
LITE Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment
LLL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories
LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
LLW low-level waste
LMA Laboratoire de Meteorologie
LMD Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique
LMER Land Margins Ecosystem Research
LMER Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation (ORNL)
LMES Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. ("Energy Systems" is preferred)
LNG Liquified Natural Gas
LODYC Laboratoire d'Oceanographic Dynamique et de Climatologie
LOICZ Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone
(IGBP)
LOICZ-SSC LOICZ Scientific Steering Committee
long. longitude
LOIS Land Oceans Interactions Study
LONGLINES Long Hydrographic Sections Programme (U.S.)
LORAN Long-Range Area Navigation System
LORCS League of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
LOTREX Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (IGBP)
LOTREX Longitudinal Land-Surface Traverse Experiment
LOTUS Long-Term Upper Ocean Study, Woods Hole, 1983
LOWESS locally weighted least squares
LP Low Pressure
LPDA laser-phased Doppler anemometer
LPDM Lagrangian particle dispersion model
LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas
LPI low-pressure impactor
LPM liters per minute
LR laser retroreflector
LRA laser retroreflector array
LRP Landscape Research Project (DOE)
LRPT low-resolution picture transmission
LSC Lake Survey Center (NOAA)
LSD least significant difference
LSM LAWS Simulation Model
LSN long- and short-normal resistivity (geophysical logging)
LST local solar time
LST local standard time
LTER Long-Term Ecological Research (program) (NSF)
LTM linear tangent model
LTM long-term monitoring
LTREB Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology
LTRMP Long-Term Resource Monitoring Program (U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service)
LTRRS Long-Term Regional Research Site
LUCC Land Use and Cover Change (IGBP and HDP)
LUCC-CPPC LUCC Core Project Planning Committee
LUCIE Study of circulation north and west of Australia (Leeuwin Current)
LV Large Volume water samples (>100 liters)
LVS Large Volume Sampling
LVS low-volume sampler
LW longwave
LWC liquid water content
LWIR long-wavelength (thermal) infrared
LWP liquid water path
LWRM longwave radiation model
M
m meter
M-region Maunder region
M&CD Metals and Ceramics Division (<