Data Sources

The LDEO database lists more than 3 million surface ocean pCO₂ observations made since 1968. A large portion of the data is composed of observations from the continuous underway systems, such as those used aboard the National Science Foundation icebreakers Nathaniel B. Palmer and Laurence B. Gould operating primarily in the Southern Ocean, and the research ships operated by the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The database also includes the observations made during a number of major national and international oceanographic programs such as Geophysical Sections Experiment (GEOSECS), Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), Climate Variability (CLIVAR) Repeat Hydrography Project, Volunteer Observing Ships (VOS) Project and others, which were supported by the National Science Foundation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Department of Energy. A significant number of data have been contributed by international colleagues from many countries including Japan, Germany, France, UK, Iceland, Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, and others. Table 1 lists the major contributors for the database.

Table 1. List of data contributors to the global surface water pCO₂ LDEO database.
PI Name*	Institution	Country
Thorarinn S. Arnarson	Marine Research Institute and University of Iceland	Iceland
Dorothee C. E. Bakker	School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia	UK
Nicholas R. Bates	Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences	Bermuda
Richard Bellarby	Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen	Norway
Wei-Jun Cai	University of Georgia	USA
Francisco Chavez	Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute	USA
David W. Chipman**	Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University	USA
Bruno Delille	Universite de Liege, Liege	Belgium
Hein J. W. de Baar	Netherland Institute for Sea Research	Netherlands
Richard A. Feely	Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration	USA
Gernot Friederich	Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute	USA
John Goddard**	Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University	USA
Burke Hales	College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University	USA
Mario Hoppema	Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research	Germany
Masao Ishii	Meteorological Research Institute	Japan
Truls Johannessen	Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen	Norway
Arne Koertzinger	Institute of Marine Research	Germany
Nicolas Metzl	Laboratoire d’Oceanographie et du Climat, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie	France
Takashi Midorikawa	Meteorological Research Institute	Japan
Timothy Newberger	Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University	USA
Yukihiro Nojiri	National Institute for Environmental Studies	Japan
Jon Olafsson	Marine Research Institute and University of Iceland	Iceland
Are Olsen	Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen	Norway
Christopher L. Sabine	Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration	USA
Ute Schuster	School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich	UK
Stewart C. Sutherland	Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University	USA
Colm Sweeney	Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration	USA
Taro Takahashi	Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University	USA
Bronte Tilbrook	Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organization (CSIRO) Marine and Atmospheric Research	Australia
Rik Wanninkhof	Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration	USA
Andrew Watson	School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia	UK
Ray F. Weiss	Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego	USA
C. S. Wong	Institute of Ocean Sciences	Canada
H. Yoshikawa-Inoue	Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University	Japan

*The PI names are given in the alphabetical order
**Retired

akozyr 09/28/2007