WHP Ref. No.: P14S and P15S Last Updated : 08-May-1996 Initial Chief Scientist's Report: WHP Line P14S and P15S (submitted 1 May 1996- John Bullister) Expedition: CGC96 (WOCE section P14S and P15S) Ship: NOAA Research Vessel DISCOVERER Leg 1: Hobart, Tasmania- Wellington, NZ 5 January 1996- 4 February 1996 (Stations 1-93) Leg 2: Wellington, NZ- Pago Pago Samoa 12 February 1996- 10 March 1996 (Stations 94-182) Chief Scientists: Leg 1: Dr. John L. Bullister Tel: (206)526-6741 FAX: (206)526-6744 Internet: bullister@pmel.noaa.gov Dr. Gregory C. Johnson (co-chief scientist) Tel: (206)526-6806 FAX: (206)526-6744 Internet: gjohnson@pmel.noaa.gov Leg 2: Dr. Richard A. Feely Tel: (206)526-6214 FAX: (206)526-6744 Internet: feely@pmel.noaa.gov Ms. Marilyn Roberts (co-chief scientist) Tel: (206)526-6252 FAX: (206)526-6744 Internet: roberts@pmel.noaa.gov All at: NOAA-PMEL 7600 Sand Point Way, NE Seattle, WA 98115 USA Cruise Track: The station locations are shown in Fig. 1 and listed in Appendix 1. Sampling accomplished: 182 Stations were completed: 3 test stations on the transit leg from Hobart the start of the P14S section (2 thirty-six position rosette stations; 1 twenty-four position rosette station) 29 stations on the P14S section (17 thirty-six position rosette stations; 12 twenty-four position rosette stations) 144 stations on the P15S section (132 thirty-six position rosette stations; 10 twenty-four position rosette stations) 6 thirty-six position rosette stations in a short section across Samoa Passage One shallow primary productivity cast (with light meter) per day was made while on the P14S and P15S sections. Approximately number of water samples analysed: 5700 salinity 5700 oxygen 5700 nutrients 3300 CFC-11 and CFC-12 1000 CFC-113 and carbon tetrachloride 3100 Total CO2 3000 pCO2 5700 pH 3100 Alkalinity 1350 DOC Approximate number of water samples collected for shore-based analysis: 975 AMS carbon isotope samples (C-13 and C-14) 1025 DON 14 ALACE floats were deployed (8 standard and 6 stretched profilers). The deployment locations are listed in Appendix 1. Lowered ADCP profiles were obtained at about 70 stations on Leg 1 using a rosette mounted lowered ADCP instrument on 36 position rosette frame. Continous underway ADCP measurements were made along the cruise track. Air samples were collected at approximately 3 degrees intervals for analyses of atmospheric CFCs. Participating Institutions: NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Bermuda Biological Station for Research (BBSR) Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) Oregon State University (OSU) Institute of Ocean Sciences (IOS) University of Tennessee (UT) University of Hawaii (UH) University of Miami (UM) University of South Florida (USF) University of Charleston, South Carolina (UCSC) University of Washington (UW) Measurements, Principal Investigators (PI), Institution and funding agencies: CTD/O2 and bottle salinity Greg Johnson- PMEL (NOAA) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): John Bullister- PMEL (NOAA) Total CO2 (DIC), pCO2: Dick Feely- PMEL/Rik Wanninkhof-AOML (NOAA) C-14 (AMS radiocarbon), C-13 Paul Quay- UW (NOAA) Nutrients: Calvin Mordy-PMEL/Zia-Zhong Zhang-AOML (NOAA) Dissolved Oxygen (discrete) John Bullister- PMEL (NOAA) Total Alkalinity: Frank Millero- UM (NOAA) pH: Robert Byrne- USF (NOAA) UW pH/DIC: Andrew Dickson- SIO (NOAA) DOC/DON: Dennis Hansell- BBSR (NOAA) ADCP: Peter Hacker/Eric Firing- U Hawaii ALACE Float deployment: Russ Davis- SIO Primary Productivity: Jack DiTullio-UCSC/Walker Smith-UT (NOAA) UW Chlorophyll: F. Chavez-MBARI(NOAA) Bathymetry: Ship personnel Underway thermosalinograph: Ship personnel Participating Scientists: CGC96 Cruise Program Inst. Leg 1 Leg 2 Nationality Chief Sci. PMEL John Bullister M Richard Feely M Co-Chief Sci. PMEL Greg Johnson M Marilyn Roberts F CTD/O2 PMEL Kristy McTaggart F Kristy McTaggart F OSU Jim Richman M IOS John Love M (CANADA) SeaBird Norge Larson M Nutrients PMEL Calvin Mordy M Calvin Mordy M AOML Zia-Zhong Zhang M Zia-Zhong Zhang M (PRC) Oxygen PMEL Kirk Hargreaves M Kirk Hargreaves M Salinity AOML Gregg Thomas M Gregg Thomas M CFC PMEL Dave Wisegarver M Dave Wisegarver M PMEL Craig Neill M Craig Neill M PMEL Wenlin Huang F (PRC) CFC/O2 IOS Carol Stewart F Carol Stewart F (NZ) TALK RSMAS David Purkinson M Mary Roche F RSMAS Jamie Goen F Jamie Goen F RSMAS Chris Edwards M Xiarong Zhu M pH USF Sean McElligott M Sean McElliogott M USF Wensheng Yao M Wensheng Yao M USF Johan Schijf M Xeuwu Liu M U/W pCO2 PMEL Cathy Cosca F DIC PMEL Marilyn Roberts F Kim Currie F (NZ) AOML Tom Lantry M Tom Lantry M pCO2 PMEL Dana Greeley M Dana Greeley M AOML Hua Chen M Rhonda Kelly F Primary Prod UTK Kendra Daly F Kendra Daly F USC David Jones M David Jones M MBARI Peter Walz M Tim Pennington M DOC BBSR Susan Becker F Susan Becker F BBSR Rachel Parsons F Rachel Parsons F Carbon Isotop. UW Brian Kleinhaus M Tanya Westby F Lowered ADCP UH Eric Firing M Cruise Summary: WOCE Hydrographic Sections P14S and P15S were completed on the NOAA Ship Discoverer in early 1996, measuring a wide suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes. A total of 182 full-water column CTD/O2 stations were made along the sections (Fig. 1). A 36 position rosette as used as the primary system. On Leg 1, a lowered ADCP system was mounted on the 36 position rosette, reducing the number of available 10-liter sample bottles to 34. Of the 182 stations, 159 stations were made with the 36-position, 10-liter bottle frame. The other 23 stations were made using a 24-position, 4-liter bottle frame, which was deployed primarily during heavy weather. A Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus CTD was mounted in each frame. In addition to the set of temperature and conductivity sensors resident on each CTD, a mobile set of temperature and conductivity sensors with a dissolved oxygen sensor was always mounted on the CTD in use. This arrangement allowed redundant temperature and conductivity measurements for quality control and continuity of temperature and conductivity measurements while keeping each CTD mounted in its own frame. Water samples were collected at every station for analyses of salt, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved nutrients (silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate). Fig. 2a and 2b show locations where water samples were collected. Samples were drawn at selected locations for analysis of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, carbon tetrachloride, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity, pH, pCO2, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, and other variables (see P14SP15s.sum file). Daily shallow casts were made for assessment of various biological parameters, including productivity. A total of 14 ALACE floats were deployed during the cruise, including 6 "Stretched T Profilers". Cruise track: On Leg 1, Discoverer departed Hobart and steamed toward the start of the northern end of the P14S section. Three test casts were made during this transit. The first CTD cast on Line P14S was made in 200 meters of water at ~53 00.1S 169 59.3E. Discover then proceeded southward along P14S, occupying stations at a nominal spacing of 30 nm. The southern end of the P14S section intersected the WHP Pacific S4 east-west section, occupied in 1992. At the completion of the P14S section (Sta. 32) at 66 00.9S 171 01.6E, Discoverer steamed to 66 59.6S 170 00.0W to begin P15S. The beginning of this section intersected the WHP Pacific S4 east-west section. Discoverer moved northward along P15S to about 47 30.0S 170W, and then moved northwest to 43 15.2S 174 59.9 W to cross the deep western boundary flow along Chatham Rise. A port stop was made in Wellington, NZ. On Leg 2, Discover re-occupied the last station from Leg 1, then proceeded northeastward from Chatham Rise to about 36 00.2S 170 00.3W. and then northward to the equator at about 00 00.1S 168 45.0W. The northern end of the P15S section (from 15S to the equator) re-occupied stations along P15N done in 1994 by the Institute of Ocean Sciences (IOS) in Sidney, BC Canada. At the completion of the P15S section, the ship steamed to Samoa passage, where 2 stations were added along the original N-S section, and a short section of 6 stations were made across the passage. Discussion: Problems: In general, the ship, winches and analytical systems performed well on this expedition. All of the major goals of the program were met. At the completion of the P14S and P15S sections, enough time remained to extend the P15S section from 5S to the equator and to complete an additional 8 stations in Samoa Passage. Some time was lost at the beginning of Leg 1 due to problems with the level-wind mechanism on the primary winch. The wire was re-tensioned on the drum at sea by removing the CTD/rosette package, attaching a weight to the wire, and spooling the full length of the wire (except the last full wrap on the drum) behind the ship while underway. Level-wind problems were much reduced after this procedure. APPENDIX 1: CGC94 STATION LOCATIONS LEG 1: STATION BOTTOM NUMBER Latitude Longitude Date DEPTH (M) 1 45 49.5 S 153 05.1 E 6 Jan 96 4468 2 48 19.1 S 158 29.9 E 7 Jan 96 4850 3 50 05.0 S 162 29.3 E 8 Jan 96 4456 4 53 00.1 S 169 59.3 E 9 Jan 96 198 5 53 29.9 S 170 29.7 E 9 Jan 96 743 6 53 59.9 S 171 00.1 E 9 Jan 96 1175 7 54 10.2 S 171 10.8 E 9 Jan 96 1370 8 54 19.8 S 171 20.2 E 9 Jan 96 2615 9 54 30.3 S 171 29.8 E 9 Jan 96 4390 10 54 59.7 S 172 00.7 E 10 Jan 96 5345 11 55 30.4 S 172 27.0 E 10 Jan 96 5332 12 55 59.8 S 173 00.6 E 10 Jan 96 5415 13 56 29.2 S 173 30.2 E 11 Jan 96 5345 14 56 59.7 S 173 58.6 E 11 Jan 96 5430 15 57 30.3 S 173 58.5 E 11 Jan 96 5358 16 58 00.2 S 173 59.5 E 12 Jan 96 5205 17 58 30.2 S 173 58.2 E 12 Jan 96 5046 18 58 59.8 S 174 00.0 E 12 Jan 96 5110 19 59 28.7 S 173 59.7 E 12 Jan 96 5002 20 59 57.9 S 173 57.9 E 13 Jan 96 4346 21 60 30.3 S 173 57.8 E 13 Jan 96 5028 22 60 59.1 S 173 58.9 E 14 Jan 96 4712 23 61 30.0 S 174 00.2 E 14 Jan 96 5037 24 62 00.0 S 173 16.1 E 14 Jan 96 4450 25 62 26.9 S 172 35.2 E 14 Jan 96 4440 26 62 44.7 S 172 09.0 E 15 Jan 96 4450 27 62 60.0 S 171 44.9 E 15 Jan 96 2636 28 63 30.1 S 170 59.6 E 15 Jan 96 2422 29 63 59.8 S 171 06.6 E 16 Jan 96 2600 30 64 40.6 S 170 58.6 E 16 Jan 96 3475 31 65 20.2 S 170 60.0 E 16 Jan 96 3449 32 66 00.9 S 171 01.6 E 17 Jan 96 3151 33 66 59.6 S 170 00.0 W 18 Jan 96 3630 34 66 20.3 S 169 60.0 W 18 Jan 96 3430 35 65 39.8 S 170 00.3 W 19 Jan 96 3180 36 64 59.6 S 170 00.9 W 19 Jan 96 2880 37 64 30.1 S 169 59.9 W 19 Jan 96 2370 38 63 59.7 S 170 02.0 W 19 Jan 96 2783 39 63 30.1 S 170 00.3 W 20 Jan 96 2805 40 62 59.7 S 170 01.4 W 20 Jan 96 3085 41 62 30.0 S 169 59.8 W 20 Jan 96 2843 42 62 00.2 S 169 59.9 W 20 Jan 96 3422 43 61 29.5 S 169 60.0 W 21 Jan 96 3501 44 61 00.1 S 170 00.3 W 21 Jan 96 3630 45 60 29.7 S 169 59.6 W 22 Jan 96 3960 46 60 00.3 S 170 00.3 W 22 Jan 96 3738 47 59 30.2 S 169 59.9 W 22 Jan 96 4030 48 58 59.9 S 170 00.2 W 22 Jan 96 4780 49 58 29.6 S 170 00.8 W 23 Jan 96 5188 50 57 59.7 S 170 00.8 W 23 Jan 96 4140 51 57 30.1 S 170 00.4 W 23 Jan 96 5001 52 57 00.2 S 170 00.2 W 24 Jan 96 5165 53 56 29.9 S 169 59.8 W 24 Jan 96 5055 54 55 60.0 S 170 01.8 W 24 Jan 96 5157 55 55 29.9 S 170 00.0 W 24 Jan 96 4950 56 54 59.8 S 169 60.0 W 25 Jan 96 4820 57 54 29.4 S 170 00.1 W 25 Jan 96 4819 58 54 00.1 S 169 59.3 W 25 Jan 96 5013 59 53 39.9 S 169 59.4 W 25 Jan 96 5125 60 53 19.9 S 169 59.6 W 26 Jan 96 5276 61 52 60.0 S 170 00.5 W 26 Jan 96 5185 62 52 29.9 S 170 01.8 W 26 Jan 96 5065 63 52 00.1 S 170 07.8 W 26 Jan 96 4968 64 51 30.0 S 170 00.2 W 27 Jan 96 4757 65 51 00.2 S 170 00.4 W 27 Jan 96 5239 66 50 29.9 S 169 59.6 W 27 Jan 96 5041 67 50 00.4 S 169 59.9 W 28 Jan 96 5340 68 49 30.2 S 170 00.9 W 28 Jan 96 5200 69 48 59.6 S 169 59.4 W 28 Jan 96 5235 70 48 30.0 S 170 00.2 W 28 Jan 96 5280 71 47 59.8 S 170 00.3 W 29 Jan 96 5270 72 47 30.2 S 169 59.8 W 29 Jan 96 5285 73 47 06.5 S 170 27.7 W 29 Jan 96 5365 74 46 43.4 S 170 54.7 W 30 Jan 96 5268 75 46 20.0 S 171 22.2 W 30 Jan 96 5083 76 45 57.0 S 171 49.5 W 30 Jan 96 5136 77 45 33.6 S 172 16.7 W 30 Jan 96 4953 78 45 10.6 S 172 44.2 W 31 Jan 96 4652 79 44 50.1 S 173 08.2 W 31 Jan 96 3838 80 44 31.8 S 173 29.4 W 31 Jan 96 3408 81 44 19.2 S 173 44.7 W 31 Jan 96 3090 82 44 09.4 S 173 56.3 W 1 Feb 96 1908 83 43 50.9 S 174 17.7 W 1 Feb 96 950 84 43 38.8 S 174 32.2 W 1 Feb 96 790 85 43 15.2 S 174 59.9 W 1 Feb 96 790 86 42 55.9 S 174 47.2 W 1 Feb 96 1059 87 42 44.8 S 174 39.3 W 1 Feb 96 1590 88 42 24.1 S 174 24.4 W 1 Feb 96 2668 89 42 10.0 S 174 15.0 W 2 Feb 96 2875 90 41 42.8 S 173 56.5 W 2 Feb 96 3130 91 41 16.0 S 173 38.6 W 2 Feb 96 3330 92 40 49.5 S 173 19.5 W 2 Feb 96 4170 93 40 23.6 S 173 02.0 W 2 Feb 96 4568 LEG 2: STATION BOTTOM NUMBER Latitude Longitude Date DEPTH (M) 94 40 23.5 S 173 01.7 W 13 Feb 96 4568 95 39 57.7 S 172 42.2 W 14 Feb 96 4728 96 39 31.0 S 172 25.2 W 14 Feb 96 4751 97 39 04.3 S 172 07.7 W 14 Feb 96 4836 98 38 37.8 S 171 48.6 W 14 Feb 96 4901 99 38 11.4 S 171 30.2 W 15 Feb 96 4918 100 37 45.8 S 171 12.0 W 15 Feb 96 4980 101 37 18.6 S 170 53.7 W 15 Feb 96 5112 102 36 52.3 S 170 37.0 W 15 Feb 96 5254 103 36 27.0 S 170 17.2 W 16 Feb 96 5102 104 36 00.2 S 170 00.3 W 16 Feb 96 5050 105 35 40.3 S 170 00.9 W 16 Feb 96 4290 106 35 20.0 S 170 00.1 W 16 Feb 96 4880 107 35 00.5 S 169 59.6 W 17 Feb 96 5226 108 34 30.2 S 170 00.2 W 17 Feb 96 5457 109 33 59.8 S 169 60.0 W 17 Feb 96 5501 110 33 29.9 S 170 00.1 W 18 Feb 96 5387 111 33 00.1 S 170 00.1 W 18 Feb 96 5548 112 32 30.1 S 170 00.1 W 18 Feb 96 5501 113 31 59.8 S 169 59.8 W 18 Feb 96 5640 114 31 30.0 S 169 59.3 W 19 Feb 96 5496 115 31 00.4 S 169 59.7 W 19 Feb 96 5572 116 30 30.3 S 169 59.8 W 19 Feb 96 5505 117 30 00.2 S 169 59.8 W 19 Feb 96 5394 118 29 30.2 S 169 59.8 W 20 Feb 96 5127 119 29 00.8 S 169 59.9 W 20 Feb 96 5562 120 28 30.5 S 169 59.8 W 20 Feb 96 5425 121 28 00.3 S 169 59.6 W 21 Feb 96 4888 122 27 30.1 S 170 00.1 W 21 Feb 96 5318 123 27 00.3 S 169 59.5 W 21 Feb 96 5214 124 26 29.7 S 169 59.4 W 21 Feb 96 5575 125 26 00.3 S 169 59.7 W 22 Feb 96 5563 126 25 30.0 S 169 60.0 W 22 Feb 96 5787 127 25 00.1 S 169 59.9 W 22 Feb 96 5600 128 24 30.1 S 170 00.1 W 23 Feb 96 5610 129 23 59.8 S 170 00.1 W 23 Feb 96 5637 130 23 30.1 S 170 00.1 W 23 Feb 96 5626 131 22 59.8 S 169 59.7 W 23 Feb 96 5650 132 22 30.0 S 169 59.9 W 24 Feb 96 5609 133 22 00.0 S 169 59.9 W 24 Feb 96 5587 134 21 30.4 S 170 00.1 W 24 Feb 96 5388 135 20 59.7 S 169 59.6 W 25 Feb 96 5427 136 20 29.9 S 170 00.1 W 25 Feb 96 5560 137 20 00.0 S 170 00.1 W 25 Feb 96 5294 138 19 29.9 S 170 00.1 W 25 Feb 96 4885 139 19 00.1 S 170 03.4 W 26 Feb 96 3000 140 18 30.3 S 170 00.1 W 26 Feb 96 5232 141 17 60.0 S 169 60.0 W 26 Feb 96 4893 142 17 30.1 S 169 60.0 W 26 Feb 96 5002 143 17 00.1 S 169 59.8 W 27 Feb 96 4954 144 16 30.3 S 169 59.9 W 27 Feb 96 5109 145 16 00.2 S 169 59.9 W 27 Feb 96 5120 146 15 29.8 S 170 00.1 W 27 Feb 96 5064 147 15 00.2 S 170 00.0 W 28 Feb 96 4803 148 14 40.0 S 169 59.9 W 28 Feb 96 3322 149 14 16.9 S 169 59.8 W 28 Feb 96 3540 150 13 58.3 S 169 60.0 W 28 Feb 96 2947 151 13 49.1 S 170 00.1 W 28 Feb 96 4297 152 13 30.1 S 169 60.0 W 29 Feb 96 4860 153 12 59.9 S 170 00.0 W 29 Feb 96 4949 154 12 29.9 S 169 59.9 W 29 Feb 96 4979 155 12 00.1 S 170 00.1 W 29 Feb 96 5055 156 11 30.0 S 169 59.9 W 1 Mar 96 5035 157 11 00.1 S 169 59.9 W 1 Mar 96 5100 158 10 30.1 S 169 59.8 W 1 Mar 96 4858 159 09 55.6 S 169 37.7 W 1 Mar 96 5179 160 09 30.1 S 168 59.9 W 2 Mar 96 5310 161 08 59.9 S 168 52.6 W 2 Mar 96 4848 162 08 29.9 S 168 44.9 W 2 Mar 96 5129 163 08 00.0 S 168 37.0 W 2 Mar 96 5138 164 07 30.1 S 168 44.9 W 3 Mar 96 5244 165 06 60.0 S 168 44.9 W 3 Mar 96 5628 166 06 30.1 S 168 44.9 W 3 Mar 96 5498 167 06 00.0 S 168 45.0 W 4 Mar 96 5629 168 05 30.1 S 168 45.0 W 4 Mar 96 5347 169 05 00.0 S 168 44.9 W 4 Mar 96 5534 170 03 60.0 S 168 45.1 W 4 Mar 96 5191 171 03 00.0 S 168 45.0 W 5 Mar 96 5347 172 02 00.1 S 168 45.0 W 5 Mar 96 3293 173 01 00.1 S 168 45.2 W 6 Mar 96 5748 174 00 00.1 S 168 45.0 W 6 Mar 96 5542 175 07 44.8 S 168 40.2 W 8 Mar 96 5289 176 08 15.1 S 168 41.3 W 8 Mar 96 4944 177 10 08.7 S 168 58.8 W 8 Mar 96 4628 178 10 04.1 S 169 12.7 W 8 Mar 96 5226 179 09 55.2 S 169 37.7 W 9 Mar 96 5188 180 09 47.0 S 170 03.5 W 9 Mar 96 4993 181 09 41.6 S 170 19.5 W 9 Mar 96 4297 182 09 35.7 S 170 36.1 W 9 Mar 96 4038 ALACE Float Release Locations: Lat Lon Date Time 1 56 29.7 S 173 32.4 E 11 Jan 96 0323 2 59 27.5 S 173 57.9 E 12 Jan 96 0035 3 60 29.7 S 170 01.3 W 22 Jan 96 0606 Profiler 4 57 30.1 S 170 00.7 W 23 Jan 96 2120 Profiler 5 55 29.5 S 170 01.9 W 24 Jan 96 2321 Profiler 6 53 59.5 S 169 59.3 W 25 Jan 96 1545 Profiler 7 52 00.0 S 170 05.7 W 26 Jan 96 0155 Profiler 8 50 00.4 S 170 00.4 W 28 Jan 96 0502 Profiler 9 47 29.5 S 169 58.6 W 29 Jan 96 1505 10 45 10.6 S 172 43.8 W 31 Jan 96 0701 11 42 23.7 S 174 24.6 W 1 Feb 96 2143 12 39 04.4 S 172 06.8 W 14 Feb 96 1820 13 29 59.2 S 169 59.5 W 20 Feb 96 0125 14 24 29.9 S 170 00.1 W 22 Feb 96 0252