A. Cruise Narrative: P14N A.1 Highlights WHP Cruise Summary Information WOCE section designation P14N Expedition designation (EXPOCODE) 325023_1 325024_1 Chief Scientist(s) and their affiliation Gunnar I. Roden/U of Washington Dates 1993.JUL..05 - 1993.AUG.11 Leg 1 1993.AUG.14 - 1993.SEP.01 Leg 2 Ship R/V Thomas G. Thompson Ports of call Leg 1: Dutch Harbor, Alaska to Tarawa, Republic of Kiribati Leg 2: Tarawa to Suva, Fiji Number of stations 185 59?00.01' N Geographic boundaries of the stations 178?58.15'E 173?59.37'W 15?58.87' S Floats and drifters deployed 12 Rafos and 12 Alace floats Moorings deployed or recovered none Contributing Authors Gunnar I. Roden, Mark J. Warner, Steven Covey, Wilf Gardner, Mary Jo Richardson A.2 CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION A.2.a GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES A.2.b STATIONS OCCUPIED The WOCE crusie , P14n, from the Bering Sea to Fiji included top to bottom hydrography, subsurface float deployments, Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (ADCP), tracer measurements and meteorological observations. P14N starts in the Bering Sea at the shelf break and transects the deep Aleutian Basin, Amchitka Pass, and the Aleutian Trench. From 50 n to 16 S the line follows 179 E, which passes through the wide Northeast pacific and Central Pacific Basins. It also crosses the Hess Rise, the Hawaiian Ridge, the Mid-Pacific Seamounts and the Kirbati-Tuvalu ridge. Station spacing was 30 nm (55 km); the only exception ws near the Aleutians and between 9 N and 5 S, where 15 nm (27 km) spacing was used to resolve better the jet-like current structures. A.2.c FLOATS AND DRIFTERS DEPLOYED deployed 12 Rafos and 12 Alace floats A.2.d MOORINGS DEPLOYED OR RECOVERED A.3 LIST OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS Principal Affiliation Responsibility Investigators ----------------------------------------------------------- Russ Davis SIO ALACE Floats Eric Firing U. Hawaii ADCP Richard Gammon U. Hawaii Freons Peter Hacker U. Hawaii ADCP Frank Millero U. Miami Carbon Dioxide Stephen Riser U. Washington RAFOS Floats Gunnar Roden U. Washington Hydrography and meteorology James Swift SIO Seagoing CTD Support Group Zafer Top U. Miami Tritum, Helium Mark Warner U. Washington Freons Christopher Winn U. Hawaii Carbon Dioxide SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography U. Hawaii University of Hawaii U. Washington University of Washington A.4 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME AND METHODS A.4.a SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE (Gunnar I. Roden, University of Washington) Researchers aboard the RV Thomas G. Thompson set sail on a WOCE cruise (P14N) in July 1993 to study the region around the Date Line. This region provides a critical link between the energetic western and more sluggish eastern Pacific flow regimes. Three major midlatitude currents decelerate in this region. The Alaska Stream separates from the Aleutian Island arc, weakening in the process. The Subarctic Current and its associated fronts become broader and weaker, and the Kuroshio extension reaches its eastern limit of penetration as a well defined current. In the subtropics, there are multiple branches of eastward flow. In equatorial latitudes, the structure of the linked system of jetlike currents, countercurrents and undercurrents changes significantly near the Date Line. In addition to the flow changes, the currents and water property structures in the abyssal basins of the Bering Sea and Central Pacific, which are crucial to understanding the deep circulation, have not been sampled adequately on previous occasions. A.4.b SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENTS The WOCE cruise (conducted from July 5 - September 1, 1993) from the Bering Sea to Fiji included top-to-bottom hydrography, subsurface float deployments, Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (ADCP), tracer measurements and meteorological observations. The principal investigators and their responsibilities are listed in Table 1. Figure A.4.1 shows the stations occupied during the cruise. P14N starts in the Bering Sea at the shelf break and transects the deep Aleutian Basin, Amchitka Pass, and the Aleutian Trench. From 50?N to 16?S the line follows 179?E, which passes through the wide Northeast Pacific and Central Pacific Basins. It also crosses the Hess Rise, the Hawaiian Ridge, the Mid-Pacific Seamounts and the Kiribati-Tuvalu ridge. Station spacing was 30 nm (55 km); the only exception was near the Aleutians and between 9?N and 5?S, where 15 rim. (27 km) spacing was used to resolve better the jet-like current structures. A.4.c BERING SEA AND SUBARCTIC NORTH PACIFIC (59?-42?N) The baroclinic flow relative to the bottom suggests a cyclonic circulation in the Aleutian Basin, westward (10 cm/s) along the northern shelf and eastward (30 cm/s) along the southern rim. The latter resembles a boundary current with speeds of 20 cm/s at 1400 in and a volume transport of 10 Sv. In July 1993 the deep westward Alaska Stream was 100 kin wide and had a double core with speeds up to 54 cm/s (Figure A.4.2). The volume transport relative to 6000 dbar was 38 Sv, of which 14 Sv were below 1000 in. South of 50?N, the flow was dominated by mesoscale eddies, which were superimposed on weak background eastward flow. The upper thermohaline structure throughout the subarctic domain has a thin, warm, low salinity top layer. It also contains a shallow temperature minimum layer, representing mostly remnant winter cooling, and a 100-200 in thick inversion layer in the halocline. This basic structure is interrupted in Amchitka Pass (where strong tidal mixing eliminates the temperature minimum), and it terminates at the subarctic front near 42?N. Between the subarctic fronts and the Aleutians, the Alaska Dome dominates all property distributions. The Dome is centered near 50?N (Figures A.4.3 and A.4.4), and its top lies near 125 m, which is just beneath the winter mixed layer. The density at the top of the Dome is 26.8 kg/m3. This indicates that North Pacific intermediate water might occasionally form there during prolonged polar air outbreaks. One of the most surprising discoveries in the Bering Sea was made by Mark Warner from the University of Washington. At the bottom of the Aleutian Basin of the Bering Sea, Warner discovered elevated chlorofluorocarbon levels that indicate, in corroboration with other supporting evidence, recent ventilation of the abyssal waters. The results from the Bering Sea investigation have been published by Warner and Roden (1995) and Roden (1995). A.4.d SUBARCTIC-SUBTROPICAL TRANSITION ZONE (42?-31?N) The subarctic-subtropical transition zone occupies the region between the subarctic and subtropical gyres. The northern and southern boundaries of this zone are formed by the subarctic and subtropical fronts, which contain enhanced eastward jets. Near the Date Line, the circulation and property structures are affected also by the Kuroshio extension, which at times crosses the Line as a well defined current and at other times appears to disperse farther west. The observed property structures in the summer of 1993 reflected this basic zonation. The subarctic front (42?N) was marked by the surfacing of the subarctic halocline, the disappearance of the subsurface temperature minimum, the deepening of the thermocline, and the weakening of the nutricline. The baroclinic jet along the front was about 150 kin wide, reached speeds of 30 cm/ s near the surface, and had an eastward transport of 32 Sv relative to the bottom. The Kuroshio extension was crossed near 35?30?N and had well defined property fronts on its sides. It had a width of 125 kin, a core speed of 44 cm/s, and a volume transport of 34 Sv (about 20 percent of which occurred below 1000 m). The subtropical front was between 3l?-32?N. The associated baroclinic jet was about 100 kin wide, had a maximum speed of 39 cm/s, and had a volume transport of 39 Sv toward the east. The abyssal property distributions between the Aleutians and the Hess Rise indicate uniform conditions with weak vertical gradients. The most notable feature was the abyssal temperature minimum near 4000 in, the axis and temperature of which are about 500 in deeper and O.1?C cooler than in the Bering Sea. A.4.e NORTH PACIFIC TRADEWIND REGION (31?-9?N) The North Pacific tradewind region encompasses the southern branch of the subtropical gyre, roughly between the subtropical and doldrums fronts. It is dominated by easterly tradewinds, strong insolation, excess evaporation over precipitation, and background downward motion induced by the negative curl of the wind stress. The nutricline is deep (150 in), and the surface nutrient concentrations are low. Despite these general characteristics, the thermohaline and current structures in the tradewind region are complex. This is due to the spatial inhomogeneity of atmospheric forcing, baroclinic instabilities of flow, and eddies migrating into the region. The geopotential height distributions in the summer of 1993 (Figure A.4.5) revealed several prominent ridges and troughs in the tradewind region, with a clear indication of the poleward shift of the center of the "corrugated" subtropical gyre. At the surface, the maximum occurred at 16?N; however, the highest peak at 400 dbar was located near 36?N. Banded baroclinic flow structures were associated with the ridge and trough structure of geopotential height. The westward flow from 12?-15?N represents the core of the north equatorial current. This current reached speeds of 44 cm/s near the surface and had a transport of 76 Sv relative to the bottom (about 20 percent of which is below 1000 dbar). The eastward flows were concentrated mainly in the 17?-21?N and 24?-28?N latitude bands with speeds up to 25 cm/s. It is not yet clear if these eastward flows were associated with a meandering subtropical countercurrent, a pair of mesoscale eddies, or a combination of both. A.4.f EQUATORIAL REGION (90?N-90?S) The climatology of the equatorial region shows fast zonal, jet-like currents, countercurrents and undercurrents, as well as tradewind and water mass confluence. Influences from both the western and eastern Pacific are evident near the Date Line. In the summer of 1993 western Pacific influences were dominant, and both the oceanic and atmospheric conditions were highly unusual compared to the climatological norm depicted in most atlases. The first sign of abnormal conditions was the displacement, by about 400 km, of the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NEC) from its expected 5?-8?N latitude range. Instead, it appeared between 2?4?N and merged with the eastward flow along the equator. The northern doldrums salinity minimum was encountered between 2?-4?N, also south of its normal position. There was also the general absence of easterly tradewinds in the equatorial zone between 1?S and 4?N; this resulted in frequent rainy squalls from the north and west. Consequently, surface flow was eastward rather than westward, and mixed layer temperatures around the equator were unusually warm. Advection of low salinity water by the NEC and local rainfall caused low surface salinities at the equator. Between 1?- 4?S, salinities increased again as the surface flow carried salty water from the central Pacific westward, which counteracted to some extent the freshening effect of local rainfall. In the southern doldrums region (between 5?-8?S) the surface flow was eastward, carrying low salinity water from the rainy western to the drier central South Pacific. The boundaries of the opposing flows were marked by well defined upper layer salinity fronts. Beneath the upper layer, the property distributions revealed a dome-like structure that was most pronounced from 100-500 in. The dome was flanked by thermohaline fronts at 10?-4?N; both the North and South Pacific subsurface salinity maxima terminated at these fronts. North Pacific waters penetrated into the South Pacific at mid-depths. At abyssal depths, however, there was clear evidence that cold, saline, high oxygen and low nutrient waters penetrated from the South into the North Pacific (at least as far north as the Hess Rise). The geopotential heights between 4?N and 4?S show a very complex structure with several ridges and troughs. Because the geostrophic control within this latitude belt is weak, a better picture of the flow is obtained by hull mounted and lowered ADCP measurements. According to Firing and Hacker (personal communication), in August 1993 the flow in the top 100 m was asymmetric with respect to the equator, northeastward between 4?N and 1?S, and westward between 1?-4?S. Between 100-300 m, the flow in this latitude belt was eastward and symmetric around the equator; the core of the undercurrent (50 cm/s) was centered near 175 m. Between 300-2000 m, the equatorial flow was westward with speeds up to 20 cm/s, and weak eastward flow was observed from 2000-3500 m. Beneath 3500 m, the flow was again westward, occasionally reaching 5 cm/s. The South Equatorial Countercurrent (determined by ADCP) was encountered between 4?-8?S. The eastward flow reached 20 cm/s at the surface, but it was quite shallow, effectively vanishing below 200 in. A.4.g SOUTH PACIFIC TRADEWIND REGION (9?S-16?S) Southeasterly tradewinds normally encountered throughout the region were replaced in the north in August 1993 by weak westerly and northwesterly winds. Only south of 13?S did the tradewinds reach their normal speeds of 8-10 m/s. At this latitude a well defined front (i.e., the southern doldrums front) was observed. Like its northern counterpart, the southern doldrums front separated the subtropical and equatorial waters. It was marked by a surface salinity front, a sharp poleward deepening and spreading of the thermocline and halocline, and by the equatorward limit of the subpolar intermediate salinity minimum. The currents north of the southern doldrums front consisted of bands of alternating eastward and westward flow, possibly related to mesoscale eddies. The bands were about 100 km wide with surface speeds from 10-30 cm/s. South of this front the flow was dominated by the westward South Equatorial Current, the core of which was located between 13?- 1 5?30?S. The current had speeds of 30- 40 cm/s near the surface and a volume transport of 32 Sv relative to the bottom. Just north of Vanua Levu, Fiji, strong eastward flow was observed along the island slope. Part way through the cruise, the RV Thomas G. Thompson docked at Betio, Tarawa in the Republic of Kiribati to change members of the scientific crew. On learning that the Kiribateses are very interested in the effects of global climate change (as it impacts their low atolls that rise only 4 m above the sea surface), the Chief Scientist invited 10 Kiribatese government ministers to a "state lunch" aboard the vessel, a lecture and a tour of the ship. The purpose of this reception was to familiarize the ministers with the goals of WOCE, to share scientific information with a developing Third World nation, and to promote international goodwill. The Kiribati officials greatly appreciated this gesture and reciprocated by inviting the scientists to a performance of native dances. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The success of this complex cruise is due to the high competence and team spirit of the diverse scientific groups aboard. It is also due to the generous help of Captain Glenn Gomes and the crew of the RV Thomas G. Thompson. Heartfelt thanks go to each person who helped make P14N such a success. REFERENCES Roden, G. 1. 1995. Aleutian Basin of the Bering Sea: thermohaline oxygen, nutrient and current structure in July 1993. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, in press. Warner, M. J. and G. I. Roden. 1995. Chlorofluorocarbon evidence for recent ventilation of the deep Bering Sea, Nature, 373: 409-412. FIGURE LEGENDS (all figs available in PDF version) Figure A.4.1: WOCE P14N station line. Station spacing was at 30 nm intervals; the only exception was near the Aleutians and between 9?N and 5?S where the intervals were 15 nm. Figure A.4.2: Baroclinic flow relative to the bottom in the vicinity of the Aleutians. Eastwardflow is lightly shaded,- westward flow is darkly shaded. Note the strong deep eastward flow north and the westward Alaska Stream south of Amchitka Pass. Figure A.4.3: Temperature and salinity in the upper 1500 m along P14N. Figure A.4.4: Temperature and salinity from 1500-6000 m along P14N. Figure A.4.5: Geopotential height relative to 3000 dbar. A.5 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND GOALS NOT ACHIEVED A.6 OTHER INCIDENTS OF NOTE A.7 LIST OF CRUISE PARTICIPANTS Name Function Affiliation -------------------------------------------------------- Glenn Gomes Ship's Captain UW Gunnar 1. Roden Chief Scientist UW Steven Riser * RAFOS floats UW William Fredericks Scientific Programmer UW Mark Warner Chlorofluorocarbons UW Steven Covey Chlorofluorocarbons UW James Postel CTD watch UW Kathleen Newell CTD watch UW Stanley Moore CTD watch OSU Carlos Lopez CTD watch OSU Frank Delahoyde ODF CTD chief SIO Scott Hiller ODF Electronics SIO James Schmitt ODF Electronics SIO David Bos ODF nutrients SIO Leonard Lopez ODF salinity SIO Barry Nisly ODF oxygen SIO Ronald Patrick ODF oxygen SIO Rebecca Streib ODF nutrients SIO Engin Yergin Tritium/Helium U Miami James Girton ADCP U Hawaii Eric Firing ** ADCP U Hawaii Elodie Kestenare ADCP U Hawaii Daniel Sadler * Carbon dioxide U Hawaii Christopher Carrillo Carbon dioxide U Hawaii Amy Snover Carbon dioxide UW Linda Bingler Carbon dioxide Battelle Douglas Campbell Carbon dioxide U Miami Sonia Olivella ** Carbon dioxide U Miami David Purkerson Carbon dioxide U Miami Sant Ram ** Fiji Gov't Observer Fiji * Alaska to Tarawa leg ** Tarawa to Fiji leg B HYDROGRAPHY Data Submitted by: Oceanographic Data Facility Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, CA 92093-0214 B.1. DESCRIPTION OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATIONS BASIC HYDROGRAPHY PROGRAM The basic hydrography program consisted of salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrient (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) measurements made from bottles taken on CTD/rosette casts plus pressure, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen from CTD profiles. 204 CTD/rosette casts were made, usually to within 10 meters of the bottom. There were a total of 191 WOCE casts: stations 1-185 and station 900, which was a series of six 18-bottle casts every 4 hours at the same position. Extra casts at stations 651-653 (near a seamount) and 800-803 (1 degree east of the WOCE line and back, along the equator) were also processed. Two test casts and four aborted casts were not included with these final data. 6914 bottles were tripped resulting in 6875 usable bottles. The resulting data set met and in many cases exceeded WHP specifications. The distribution of samples is illustrated in figures 1.0.0 and 1.0.1. Figure 1.0.0 TN023 sample distribution, stas 001-065, 651-653, 066-130 Figure 1.0.1 TN024 sample distribution, stas 131-142, 800-803, 143-170, 900, 171-185 B.1.1. WATER SAMPLING PACKAGE Hydrographic (rosette) casts were performed with a new design of the rosette system consisting of a 36-bottle ODF-designed rosette frame, a General Oceanics (GO) Model 1016 36-place pylon and 36 10-liter Bullister- style PVC bottles. The frame worked well and held the Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP) without sacrificing any of the 36 samplers. The GO pylon had operating problems which could usually be overcome by the operator through the diagnostics routine. The Bullister- style samplers worked well, but had fragile end-cap edges and tight valves. Recommendations for modifications were made and have since been implemented. Underwater electronic components consisted of an ODF-modified NBIS Mark III CTD (ODF #1) and associated sensors, SeaTech transmissometer provided by Texas A&M University (TAMU), RDI LADCP, Benthos altimeter and Benthos pinger. The CTD was mounted horizontally along the bottom of the rosette frame, with the transmissometer, dissolved oxygen and secondary PRT sensors deployed alongside. The LADCP was mounted vertically in the frame inside the bottle rings. The Benthos altimeter provided distance-above- bottom in the CTD data stream. The Benthos pinger was monitored during a cast with a precision depth recorder (PDR) in the ship's laboratory. The rosette system was suspended from a three-conductor electro-mechanical (EM) cable. Power to the CTD and pylon was provided through the cable from the ship. Separate conductors were used for the CTD and pylon signals. Electronic Deep Sea Reversing Thermometers (DSRTs) were used on this leg to monitor for CTD pressure or temperature drift. Each rosette cast was performed to within 10 meters of the bottom, unless the bottom returns from both the pinger and altimeter were extremely poor, or the bottom depth exceeded the range of the instrumentation. Bottles on the rosette were each identified with a unique serial number. Usually these numbers corresponded to the pylon tripping sequence, 1-36, where the first (deepest) Bottle tripped was bottle #1. Averages of CTD data corresponding to the time of bottle closure were associated with the bottle data during a cast. Pressure, depth, temperature, salinity, density and nominally-corrected oxygen were immediately available to facilitate examination and quality control of the bottle data as the sampling and laboratory analyses progressed. The deck watch prepared the rosette approximately 45 minutes prior to a cast. All valves, vents and lanyards were checked for proper orientation. The bottles were cocked and all hardware and connections rechecked. Upon arrival on station, time, position and bottom depth were logged and the deployment begun. The rosette was moved into position under a projecting boom from the rosette room using an air-powered cart on tracks. Two stabilizing tag lines were threaded through rings on the frame. CTD sensor covers were removed, the pinger was turned on and the transmissometer windows were cleaned. Once the CTD acquisition and control system in the ship's laboratory had been initiated by the console operator and the CTD and pylon had passed their diagnostics, the winch operator raised the package and extended the boom over the side of the ship. The package was then quickly lowered into the water, the tag lines removed and the console operator notified by radio that the rosette was at the surface. Recovering the package at the end of deployment was essentially the reverse of the launching. Two tag lines connected to air tuggers and terminating in large snap hooks were manipulated on long poles by the deck watch to snag recovery rings on the rosette frame. The package was then lifted out of the water under tension from the tag lines, the boom retracted, and the rosette lowered onto the cart. Sensor covers were replaced, the pinger turned off and the cart with the rosette moved into the rosette room for sampling. A detailed examination of the bottles and rosette would occur before samples were taken, and any extraordinary situations or circumstances were noted on the sample log for the cast. Routine CTD maintenance included soaking the conductivity and CTD O2 sensors in distilled water between casts to maintain sensor stability. The rosette was stored in the rosette room between casts to insure the CTD was not exposed to direct sunlight or wind, in order to maintain the internal CTD temperature near ambient air temperature. Exceptions to this procedure are noted in Appendix C. Rosette maintenance was performed on a regular basis. O-rings were changed as necessary and bottle maintenance performed each day to insure proper closure and sealing. Valves were inspected for leaks and repaired or replaced. B.1.2. UNDERWATER ELECTRONICS PACKAGES CTD data were collected with a modified NBIS Mark III CTD (ODF CTD #1). This instrument provided pressure, temperature, conductivity and dissolved O2 channels, and additionally measured a second temperature (FSI temperature sensor) as a calibration check. Other data channels included elapsed-time, an altimeter, several power supply voltages and a transmissometer. The instrument supplied a standard 15-byte NBIS-format data stream at a data rate of 25 fps. Modifications to the instrument included a revised dissolved O2 sensor mounting; ODF-designed sensor interfaces for the FSI PRT and the SeaTech transmissometer; implementation of 8-bit and 16-bit multiplexer channels; an elapsed-time channel; instrument ID in the polarity byte and power supply voltages channels. Figure 1.2.0 summarizes the serial numbers of instruments and sensors used during P14N. Station(s) | CTD@ | TAMU | Oxygen | Winch | UofH | ID# | | Sensor | | LADCP ----------------|------|------|--------|---------|------ 1-19 | | | | | Yes ----------------| | | | |------ 20-51 | | | A | | No ----------------| | | | |------ 52-61,651-653 | | 100D | | | ----------------| | |--------| | Yes 62-68 | | | | | ----------------| | | | |------ 69-70,72-80 | | | | | ----------------| |------| | Primary | No 71 | 1 | none | | | ----------------| |------| | |------ 81,82/2-87 | | 151D | | | ----------------| |------| B | | Yes 82/1,88-95 | | | | | ----------------| | | | |------ 96-130 | | | | | No ----------------| | 100D | | |------ 131-150,800-803 | | | | | ----------------| | | |---------| Yes 151-185,900 | | | | Backup | @ ODF CTD #1 sensor serial numbers: ------------------------------------------------- CTD | | Temperature | ID# | Pressure | PRT-1 | PRT-2 | Conductivity ----|----------|-------|-----------|------------- 1 | 131910 | 14304 | FSI-T1320 | 5902-F117 Table 1.2.0 P14N Instrument/Sensor Serial Numbers The O2 sensor was deployed in an ODF-designed pressure-compensated holder assembly mounted separately on the rosette frame and connected to the CTD by an underwater cable. The transmissometer interface was designed and built by ODF using an off-the-shelf 12-bit A/D converter. Although the secondary temperature sensor was located within 6-8 inches of the CTD conductivity sensor, it was not sufficiently close to calculate coherent salinities. It was used as a secondary temperature calibration reference rather than as a redundant sensor, with the intent of eliminating the need for mercury or electronic DSRTs as calibration checks. Standard CTD maintenance procedures included soaking the conductivity sensor in deionized water and placing a cap on the O2 sensor between casts to maintain sensor stability, and protecting the CTD from exposure to direct sunlight or wind to maintain an equilibrated internal temperature. The General Oceanics (GO) 1016 36-place pylon was used in conjunction with the GO pylon deck unit. There were numerous tripping problems caused by the GO pylon/deck unit combination; 80% of these occurred during the first 12 casts. Usually these could be resolved by the console operator via the pylon diagnostics routine. The pylon emitted a confirmation message containing its current notion of bottle trip position, which was an aid in sorting out mis-trips. Using the GO pylon and deck unit also contributed to the magnitude of the variance of salinity differences. The pylon would take a variable amount of time to trip a bottle after the trip had been initiated. The time varied from 8 seconds to over 30 seconds. The acquisition software began averaging data corresponding to the rosette trip as soon as the trip was initiated, ending when the trip confirmed. Consequently, CTD rosette trip data used for the differences contained variable-length averages. B.1.3. NAVIGATION AND BATHYMETRY DATA ACQUISITION Navigation data and underway bathymetry were acquired from the ship's Bathy 2000 or HydroSweep systems via RS-232. Data were logged automatically at one-minute intervals by one of the Sun SPARCstations to provide a time- series of underway position, course, speed and bathymetry data. These data were used for all station positions, PDR depths and bathymetry on vertical sections [Cart80]. B.1.4. CTD DATA ACQUISITION, PROCESSING AND CONTROL SYSTEM The CTD data acquisition, processing and control system consisted of a Sun SPARCstation 2 computer workstation, ODF-built CTD deck unit, General Oceanics 1016 pylon deck unit, CTD and pylon power supplies, and a VCR recorder for real-time analog backup recording of the sea-cable signal. The Sun system consisted of a color display with trackball and keyboard (the CTD console), 18 RS-232 ports, 2.5 GB disk and 8mm cartridge tape. One other Sun SPARCstation 2 system was networked to the data acquisition system, as well as to the rest of the networked computers aboard the Thompson. These systems were available for real-time CTD data display as well as for providing hydrographic data management and backup. Each Sun SPARCstation was equipped with a printer and an 8-color drum plotter. The CTD FSK signal was demodulated and converted to a 9600 baud RS-232C binary data stream by the CTD deck unit. This data stream was fed to the Sun SPARCstation. The pylon deck unit was connected to the data acquisition system through a serial port, allowing the data acquisition system to initiate and confirm bottle trips. A bitmapped color display provided interactive graphical display and control of the CTD rosette sampling system, including real-time raw and processed data, navigation, winch and rosette trip displays. The CTD data acquisition, processing and control system was prepared by the console watch a few minutes before each deployment. A console operations log was maintained for each deployment, containing a record of every attempt to trip a bottle as well as any pertinent comments. Most CTD console control functions, including starting the data acquisition, were initiated by pointing and clicking a trackball cursor on the display at icons representing functions to perform. The system then presented the operator with short dialog prompts with automatically-generated choices that could either be accepted as default or overridden. The operator was instructed to turn on the CTD and pylon power supplies, then to examine a real-time CTD data display on the screen for stable voltages from the underwater unit. Once this was accomplished, the data acquisition and processing was begun and a time and position automatically associated with the beginning of the cast. A backup analog recording of the CTD signal was made on a VCR tape, which was started at the same time as the data acquisition. A rosette trip display and pylon control window then popped up, giving visual confirmation that the pylon was initializing properly. Various plots and displays were initiated. When all was ready, the console operator informed the deck watch by radio. Once the deck watch had deployed the rosette and informed the console operator that the rosette was at the surface (also confirmed by the computer displays), the console operator or watch leader provided the winch operator with a target depth (wire-out) and maximum lowering rate, normally 60 meters/minute for this package. The package then began its descent. The console operator examined the processed CTD data during descent via interactive plot windows on the display, which could also be run at other workstations on the network. Additionally, the operator decided where to trip bottles on the up-cast, noting this on the console log. The PDR was monitored to insure the bottom depth was known at all times. The watch leader assisted the console operator when the package was ~400 meters above the bottom by monitoring the range to the bottom using the distance between the rosette's pinger signal and its bottom reflection displayed on the PDR. Between 100 and 60 meters above the bottom, depending on bottom conditions, the altimeter typically began signaling a bottom return on the console. The winch and altimeter displays allowed the watch leader to refine the target depth relayed to the winch operator and safely approach to within 10 meters of the bottom. Bottles were tripped by pointing the console trackball cursor at a graphic firing control and clicking a button. The data acquisition system responded with the CTD rosette trip data and a pylon confirmation message in a window. All tripping attempts were noted on the console log. The console operator then directed the winch operator to the next bottle stop. The console operator was also responsible for generating the sample log for the cast. After the last bottle was tripped, the console operator directed the deck watch to bring the rosette on deck. Once on deck, the console operator terminated the data acquisition and turned off the CTD, pylon and VCR recording. The VCR tape was filed. Usually the console operator also brought the sample log to the rosette room and served as the sample cop. B.1.5. CTD LABORATORY CALIBRATION PROCEDURES Pre-cruise laboratory calibrations of the CTD pressure and temperature sensors were used to generate tables of corrections applied by the CTD data acquisition and processing software at sea. These laboratory calibrations were also performed post-cruise. Pressure and temperature calibrations were performed on CTD #1 at the ODF Calibration Facility in La Jolla. The pre-cruise calibration was done in May 1993 before the start of the P17N expedition, and the post-cruise calibration was done in October 1993. The CTD pressure transducer was calibrated in a temperature-controlled water bath to a Ruska Model 2400 Piston Gage pressure reference. Calibration curves were measured at 0.01, 11.74 and 31.22 deg.C to 2 maximum loading pressures (2775 and 6080 db) pre-cruise, and at 1.62 and 32.13 deg.C to 2 maximum loading pressures (1400 and 6080 db) post-cruise. Figure 1.5.0 summarizes the laboratory pressure calibration performed in May 1993 and Figure 1.5.1 summarizes the pressure calibrations done in October 1993. Figure 1.5.0 Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, May 1993. Figure 1.5.1 Pressure calibration for ODF CTD #1, October 1993. Additionally, dynamic thermal-response step tests were conducted on the pressure transducer to calibrate dynamic thermal effects. CTD PRT temperatures were calibrated to an NBIS ATB-1250 resistance bridge and Rosemount standard PRT in a temperature-controlled bath. The primary CTD temperature was offset by ~1.5 deg.C to avoid the 0-point discontinuity inherent in the internal digitizing circuitry. Figures 1.5.2 and 1.5.3 summarize the laboratory calibrations performed on the primary PRT during May and October 1993. These laboratory temperature calibrations were referenced to an ITS-90 standard. Temperatures were converted to the IPTS-68 standard during processing in order to calculate other parameters, including salinity and density, which are currently defined in terms of that standard only. Figure 1.5.2 Temperature calibration for ODF CTD #1, May 1993. Figure 1.5.3 Temperature calibration for ODF CTD #1, October 1993. B.1.6. CTD CALIBRATION PROCEDURES This cruise was the second of 2 consecutive Pacific Ocean WOCE cruises using this CTD. A redundant sensor was used as a temperature calibration check while at sea; the FSI PRT sensor was deployed as a second temperature channel and compared with the primary PRT channel on most casts. Comparison of the two PRT sensors did not show any appreciable drift during these expeditions. The response times of the sensors were first matched, then the temperatures compared for a series of standard depths from each CTD down-cast. There was a constant offset maintained between the 2 PRTs throughout both legs. Figure 1.6.0 summarizes the comparison between the primary and secondary PRT channels. Figure 1.6.0 Comparison between the primary and secondary PRT channels. CTD conductivity and dissolved O2 were calibrated to in-situ check samples collected during each rosette cast. The stability of the conductivity calibration also verified that there were no significant shifts in the CTD pressure or temperature. CTD PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE The final pressure and temperature calibrations were verified during post- cruise processing. There was a 1.5 db slope change from 0-6000 db between the pre- and post-cruise cold "deep" pressure laboratory calibrations, as well as an ~1.5 db offset between the 2 calibrations. In order to determine when the shift occurred, start-of-cast out-of-water pressure and temperature data from the cruise were compared with similar data from the pre- and post-cruise laboratory calibrations for temperature. The pressure data from the cruise were within 0.5 db of the pre-cruise laboratory data at all temperatures, so it was decided to leave the pre-cruise pressure calibrations, applied during the cruise, unchanged. The primary temperature sensor (Rosemount Model 171BJ Serial No. 14304) laboratory calibration shows essentially the same curve pre- and post- cruise, with at most a .0004 deg.C shift in the range of 10-27 deg.C; colder and warmer than that range, the curves are essentially identical. It was therefore decided to leave the pre-cruise PRT #1 correction in place for this data set. The secondary temperature sensor (FSI Model OTM-D212 Serial No. 1320) laboratory calibrations pre- and post-cruise showed some differences, but the same temperature ranges were not measured and FSI sensors show greater variability than Rosemount sensors. There did not appear to be any major shift, perhaps an ~1 millidegree shift in the range of 1-20 deg.C. A single rack of electronic DSRT pressure and temperature sensors was also deployed on ~75% of the P14N casts as a further check for pressure and temperature drift. Although factory calibrations only were applied to these electronic data, the comparisons for temperature were quite stable for any specific DSRT. This further verified the absence of any drift in CTD temperature during the cruise. The DSRT-CTD pressure differences were scattered to several times the magnitude of the pre- to post-cruise laboratory calibration shift; they were not useful for monitoring CTD pressure drift. CONDUCTIVITY The CTD rosette trip pressure and temperature were used with the bottle salinity to calculate a bottle conductivity. Differences between the bottle and CTD conductivities were then used to derive a conductivity correction as a linear function of conductivity. Cast-by-cast comparisons showed only minor shifts in the conductivity sensor offset and no slope changes, aside from the expected shift caused by cleaning the sea-slime contaminated sensor with alcohol between stations 47 and 48. Conductivity differences were fit to CTD conductivity for all casts in two groups, 1-47 and 48 to the end of the cruise, to determine the mean conductivity slope. The mean conductivity slope corrections are summarized in figure 1.6.1. Figure 1.6.1 Mean conductivity slope corrections. After applying the conductivity slopes, residual CTD #1 conductivity offset values were calculated and applied for each cast using the deepest bottle conductivities. Some offsets were then manually re-adjusted to account for discontinuous shifts in the conductivity transducer response or bottle salinities, or to maintain deep theta-salinity consistency from cast to cast. Figure 1.6.2 summarizes the final applied conductivity offsets by station number. Figure 1.6.2 CTD conductivity offsets by station number. P14N temperature and conductivity correction coefficients are also tabulated in Appendix A. Figures 1.6.3, 1.6.4 and 1.6.5 summarize the residual differences between bottle and CTD salinities after applying the conductivity corrections. Stations 35-47 are missing from the final differences plots because of problems with CTD conductivity offsets during the up-cast caused by sensor contamination. The conductivity corrections for those casts insure consistency of the down-cast CTD data with bottle data and nearby CTD casts. Figure 1.6.3 Salinity residual differences vs pressure (after correction). Figure 1.6.4 Salinity residual differences vs station # (after correction). Figure 1.6.5 Deep salinity residual differences vs station # (after correction). The CTD conductivity calibration represents a best estimate of the conductivity field throughout the water column. 3 from the mean residual in Figures 1.6.4 and 1.6.5, or +/-0.009 PSU for all salinities and +/-0.001 PSU for deep salinities, represents the limit of repeatability of the bottle salinities (Autosal, rosette, operators and samplers). This limit agrees with station overlays of deep T-S. Within a cast (a single salinometer run), the precision of bottle salinities appears to exceed 0.001 PSU. The precision of the CTD salinities appears to exceed 0.0005 PSU. CTD DISSOLVED OXYGEN There are a number of problems with the response characteristics of the Sensormedics O2 sensor used in the NBIS Mark III CTD, the major ones being a secondary thermal response and a sensitivity to profiling velocity. Because of these problems, up-cast CTD rosette trip data cannot be optimally calibrated to O2 check samples. Instead, down-cast CTD O2 data are derived by matching the up-cast rosette trips along isopycnal surfaces. When down-casts were deemed to be unusable (see Appendix C), up-cast CTD O2 data were processed despite the signal drop-offs typically seen at bottle stops. The differences between CTD O2 data modeled from these derived values and check samples are then minimized using a non-linear least- squares fitting procedure. Figures 1.6.6 and 1.6.7 show the residual differences between the corrected CTD O2 and the bottle O2 (ml/l) for each station. The data from stations 35-47 are missing because of the previously noted problems with CTD conductivity offsetting during up-casts: density surfaces would be difficult to match when one cast direction is unstable. Figure 1.6.6 O2 residual differences vs station # (after correction). Figure 1.6.7 Deep O2 residual differences vs station # (after correction). Note that the mean of the differences is not zero, because the O2 values are weighted by pressure before fitting. The standard deviations of 0.10 ml/l for all oxygens and 0.02 ml/l for deep oxygens are only intended as metrics of the goodness of the fits. ODF makes no claims regarding the precision or accuracy of CTD dissolved O2 data. The general form of the ODF O2 conversion equation follows Brown and Morrison [Brow78] and Millard [Mill82], [Owen85]. ODF does not use a digitized O2 sensor temperature to model the secondary thermal response but instead models membrane and sensor temperatures by low-pass filtering the PRT temperature. In-situ pressure and temperature are filtered to match the sensor response. Time-constants for the pressure response p, and two temperature responses Ts and Tf are fitting parameters. The sensor current, or Oc, gradient is approximated by low-pass filtering 1st-order Oc differences. This term attempts to correct for reduction of species other than O2 at the cathode. The time-constant for this filter, og, is a fitting parameter. Oxygen partial-pressure is then calculated: Opp=[c1Oc+c2]fsat(S,T,P)e(c3Pl+c4Tf+c5Ts+c6___) (1.6.0) where: Opp = Dissolved O2 partial-pressure in atmospheres (atm); Oc = Sensor current (amps); fsat(S,T,P) = O2 saturation partial-pressure at S,T,P (atm); S = Salinity at O2 response-time (PSUs); T = Temperature at O2 response-time (deg.C); P = Pressure at O2 response-time (decibars); Pl = Low-pass filtered pressure (decibars); Tf = Fast low-pass filtered temperature (deg.C); Ts = Slow low-pass filtered temperature (deg.C); ___ = Sensor current gradient (amps/secs). P14N CTD O2 correction coefficients (c1 through c6) are tabulated in Appendix B. B.1.7. CTD DATA PROCESSING ODF CTD processing software consists of over 30 programs running under the Unix operating system. The initial CTD processing program (ctdba) is used either in real-time or with existing raw data sets to: o Convert raw CTD scans into scaled engineering units, and assign the data to logical channels; o Filter specific channels according to specified filtering criteria; o Apply sensor or instrument-specific response-correction models; o Provide periodic averages of the channels corresponding to the output time-series interval; and o Store the output time-series in a CTD-independent format. Once the CTD data are reduced to a standard-format time-series, they can be manipulated in a number of various ways. Channels can be additionally filtered. The time-series can be split up into shorter time-series or pasted together to form longer time-series. A time-series can be transformed into a pressure-series, or a larger-interval time-series. The pressure calibration corrections are applied during reduction of the data to time-series. Temperature, conductivity and oxygen corrections to the series are maintained in separate files and are applied whenever the data are accessed. ODF data acquisition software acquired and processed the CTD data in real- time, providing calibrated, processed data for interactive plotting and reporting during a cast. The 25 hz data from the CTD were filtered, response-corrected and averaged to a 2 hz (0.5 seconds) time-series. Sensor correction and calibration models were applied to pressure, temperature, conductivity and O2. Rosette trip data were extracted from this time-series in response to trip initiation and confirmation signals. The calibrated 2 hz time-series data were stored on disk (as were the 25 hz raw data) and were available in real-time for reporting and graphical display. At the end of the cast, various consistency and calibration checks were performed, and a 2.0 db pressure-series of the down-cast was generated and subsequently used for reports and plots. CTD plots generated automatically at the completion of deployment were checked daily for potential problems. The two PRT temperature sensors were inter-calibrated and checked for sensor drift. The CTD conductivity sensor was monitored by comparing CTD values to check-sample conductivities and by deep T-S comparisons with adjacent stations. The CTD O2 sensor was calibrated to check-sample data. A few casts exhibited conductivity offsets due to biological or particulate artifacts. Some casts were subject to noise in 1 or more channels caused by sea cable or slip-ring problems. For extremely noisy casts, the 2 hz time series were regenerated from the 25 hz data using tighter filtering criteria on the noisy channel(s). This was done for stations 8-40, especially for the CTD O2 channel, which is not typically filtered during the 25 hz to 2 hz averaging process. Otherwise, intermittent noisy data were filtered from the 2 hz data using a spike-removal filter that replaced points exceeding a specified multiple of the standard deviation least- squares polynomial fit of specified order of segments of the data. The filtered points were replaced by the filtering polynomial value. Density inversions can appear in high-gradient regions. Detailed examination of the raw data shows significant mixing occurring in these areas because of ship roll. Although the weather was excellent for most of the cruise, there was rough weather and excessive ship-roll during stations 32-48. In order to minimize density inversions, a ship-roll filter was applied to all casts during pressure-sequencing to disallow pressure reversals. Pressure intervals with no time-series data can optionally be filled by double-parabolic interpolation. When the down-cast CTD data have excessive noise, gaps or offsets, the up- cast data are used instead. CTD data from down- and up-casts are not mixed together in the pressure-series data because they do not represent identical water columns (due to ship movement, wire angles, etc.). The six up-casts used for final P14N data are indicated in Appendix C. Both transmissometers displayed a thermally-induced minimum, centered around 500db, for most of the cruise. Tests or attempted repairs are noted in Appendix C. Transmissometer data have not been processed beyond shipboard conversion from 25 hz to 2 hz time series, and are not included with final ODF CTD data. Wilf Gardner at TAMU should be contacted with any questions regarding transmissometer data. Appendix C contains a table of CTD casts requiring special attention; P14N CTD-related comments, problems and solutions are documented in detail. 1.8. BOTTLE SAMPLING At the end of each rosette deployment water samples were drawn from the bottles in the following order: o CFCs; o Helium; o Oxygen; o Partial Pressure of CO2; o Total CO2; o pH; o Tritium; o Nutrients; o Salinity. The correspondence between individual sample containers and the rosette bottle from which the sample was drawn was recorded on the sample log for the cast. This log also included any comments or anomalous conditions noted about the rosette and bottles. One member of the sampling team was designated the sample cop, whose sole responsibility was to maintain this log and insure that sampling progressed in proper drawing order. Normal sampling practice included opening the drain valve before opening the air vent on the bottle, indicating an air leak if water escaped. This observation together with other diagnostic comments (e.g., "lanyard caught in lid", "valve left open") that might later prove useful in determining sample integrity were routinely noted on the sample log. Drawing oxygen samples also involved taking the sample draw temperature from the bottle. The temperature was noted on the sample log and was sometimes useful in determining leaking or mis-tripped bottles. Once individual samples had been drawn and properly prepared, they were distributed to their respective laboratories for analysis. Oxygen, nutrients and salinity analyses were performed on computer-assisted (PC) analytical equipment networked to Sun SPARCstations for centralized data analysis. The analyst for a specific property was responsible for insuring that their results were updated into the cruise database. There were many tripping problems on this leg. The General Oceanics pylon had firmware/electronics problems throughout the cruise. However, there were no apparent major mechanical flaws. About 39 of the 6914 tripped bottles were coded as leaking because of lanyards hung in the top lids, rather than coded as leaking or did not trip correctly because of pylon problems. The bottles that did not trip as planned were re-associated with the correct CTD level. See Underwater Electronics Packages for further details. ODF suspects bottle 1 leaked slightly, but frequently. The PI disagrees and at his requests, the data coding does not reflect a leaking bottle. See Oxygen Analysis for details. B.1.9. BOTTLE DATA PROCESSING The first stage of bottle data processing consisted of verifying and validating individual samples, and checking the sample log (the sample inventory) for consistency. At this stage, bottle tripping problems were usually resolved, sometimes resulting in changes to the pressure, temperature and other CTD properties associated with the bottle. Note that the rosette bottle number was the primary identification for all samples taken from the bottle, as well as for the CTD data associated with the bottle. All CTD trips were retained (whether confirmed or not), so resolving bottle tripping problems simply consisted of assigning the right rosette bottle number to the right CTD trip level. Diagnostic comments from the sample log were entered into the computer as part of the quality control procedure. Every potential problem indicated in these computer files were investigated. The data were coded with the results of the investigation. The second stage of processing began once all the samples for a cast had been accounted for. All samples for bottles suspected of leaking were checked to see if the property was consistent with the profile for the cast, with adjacent stations, and, where applicable, with the CTD data. All comments from the analysts were examined and turned into appropriate WHP water sample codes. Oxygen flask numbers were verified, as each flask is individually calibrated and significantly affects the calculated O2 concentration. The third stage of processing continued throughout the cruise and until the data set is considered "final". Various property-property plots and vertical sections were examined for both consistency within a cast and consistency with adjacent stations. In conjunction with this process the analysts would review and sometimes revise their data as additional calibration or diagnostic results became available. Assignment of a WHP water sample code to an anomalous sample value was typically achieved through consensus, usually also involving one of the chief scientists. WHP water bottle quality flags were assigned with the following additional interpretations: | 3 | An air leak large enough to produce an observable | effect on a sample is identified by a code of 3 on the | bottle and a code of 4 on the oxygen. (Small air | leaks may have no observable effect, or may only | affect gas samples.) 4 | Bottles tripped at other than the intended depth were | assigned a code of 4. There may be no problems with | the associated water sample data. WHP water sample quality flags were assigned using the following criteria: | 1 | The sample for this measurement was drawn from a | bottle, but the results of the analysis were not (yet) | received. 2 | Acceptable measurement. 3 | Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the | station profile or adjacent station comparisons (or | possibly CTD data comparisons). No notes from the | analyst indicated a problem. The data could be | correct, but are open to interpretation. 4 | Bad measurement. Does not fit the station profile, | adjacent stations or CTD data. There were analytical | notes indicating a problem, but data values were | reported. Sampling and analytical errors were also | coded as 4. 5 | Not reported. There should always be a reason | associated with a code of 5, usually that the sample | was lost, contaminated or rendered unusable. 9 | The sample for this measurement was not drawn. WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDSAL (CTD salinity) parameter as follows: | 2 | Acceptable measurement. 3 | Questionable measurement. The data did not fit the | bottle data, or there was a CTD conductivity | calibration shift during the up-cast. 4 | Bad measurement. The CTD up-cast data were determined | to be unusable for calculating a salinity. 8 | The CTD salinity was derived from the CTD down cast, | matched on an isopycnal surface. WHP water sample quality flags were assigned to the CTDOXY (CTD O2) parameter as follows: | 2 | Acceptable measurement. 4 | Bad measurement. The CTD data were determined to be | unusable for calculating a dissolved oxygen | concentration. 5 | Not reported. The CTD data could not be reported. 9 | Not sampled. No operational CTD O2 sensor was present | on this cast. Note that all CTDOXY values were derived from the pressure-series CTD data, typically down-casts. CTD data were matched to the up-cast bottle data along isopycnal surfaces. If the CTD salinity was footnoted as bad or questionable, the CTD O2 is blank. Table 1.9.0 shows the number of samples drawn and the number of times each WHP sample quality flag was assigned for each basic hydrographic property: Rosette Samples Stations 1-185,651-653,800-803,900 -----------||----------|--------------------------------------- ||Reported | 1 2 3 4 5 9 -----------||----------|--------------------------------------- Bottle || 6914 | 0 6638 39 217 0 20 CTD Salt || 6914 | 0 6416 0 498 0 0 CTD Oxy || 6416 | 0 6364 46 6 0 498 Salinity || 6887 | 0 6670 81 136 3 24 Oxygen || 6884 | 0 6813 33 38 5 25 Silicate || 6893 | 0 6687 127 79 0 21 Nitrate || 6893 | 0 6570 176 147 0 21 Nitrite || 6893 | 0 6417 364 112 0 21 Phosphate || 6893 | 0 6585 265 43 0 21 Table 1.9.0 Frequency of WHP quality flag assignments. Additionally, all WHP water bottle/sample quality code comments are presented in Appendix D. B.1.10. PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURES All pressures and temperatures for the bottle data tabulations on the rosette casts were obtained by averaging CTD data for a brief interval at the time the bottle was closed on the rosette, then correcting the data based on CTD laboratory calibrations. The temperatures are reported using the International Temperature Scale of 1990. B.1.11. SALINITY ANALYSIS Salinity samples were drawn into 200 ml Kimax high alumina borosilicate bottles after 3 rinses, and were sealed with custom-made plastic insert thimbles and Nalgene screw caps. This assembly provides very low container dissolution and sample evaporation. As loose inserts were found, they were replaced to insure a continued airtight seal. Salinity was determined after a box of samples had equilibrated to laboratory temperature, usually within 8-12 hours of collection. The draw time and equilibration time, as well as per-sample analysis time and temperature were logged. Two Guildline Autosal Model 8400A salinometers (55-654 and 57-396) were used to measure salinities. These were located in a temperature-controlled laboratory. The salinometers were modified by ODF and contained interfaces for computer-aided measurement. A computer (PC) prompted the analyst for control functions (changing sample, flushing) while it made continuous measurements and logged results. The salinometer cell was flushed until successive readings met software criteria for consistency, then two successive measurements were made and averaged for a final result. The salinometer was standardized for each cast with IAPSO Standard Seawater (SSW) Batch P-122, using at least one fresh vial per cast. The estimated accuracy of bottle salinities run at sea is usually better than 0.002 PSU relative to the particular Standard Seawater batch used. PSS-78 salinity [UNES81] was then calculated for each sample from the measured conductivity ratios, and the results merged with the cruise database. Salinometer 57-396 was used on stations 022-025. Salinometer 55-654 was used on all other stations. A thermistor failed in 55-654 prior to 021/01 and was replaced. 6887 salinity measurements were made from the rosette stations. 380 vials of standard water were used. The temperature stability of the laboratory used to make the measurements was acceptable (usually within 4 deg.C of the salinometer bath temperature). There were no substantial problems noted with the analyses. The salinities were used to calibrate the CTD conductivity sensor. B.1.12. OXYGEN ANALYSIS Samples were collected for dissolved oxygen analyses soon after the rosette sampler was brought on board and after CFC and helium were drawn. Nominal 125 ml volume-calibrated iodine flasks were rinsed twice with minimal agitation, then filled via a drawing tube, and allowed to overflow for at least 3 flask volumes. The sample temperature was measured with a small platinum resistance thermometer embedded in the drawing tube. Draw temperatures were very useful in detecting possible bad trips even as samples were being drawn. Reagents were added to fix the oxygen before stoppering. The flasks were shaken twice to assure thorough dispersion of the MnO(OH)2 precipitate. They were shaken once immediately after drawing, and then again after 20 minutes. The samples were analyzed within 4-36 hours of collection. Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an SIO-designed automated oxygen titrator using photometric end-point detection based on the absorption of 365 nm wavelength ultra-violet light. Thiosulfate was dispensed by a Dosimat 665 buret driver fitted with a 1.0 ml buret. ODF uses a whole-bottle modified-Winkler titration following the technique of Carpenter [Carp65] with modifications by Culberson et. al [Culb91], but with higher concentrations of potassium iodate standard (approximately 0.012N) and thiosulfate solution (50 gm/l). Standard solutions prepared from pre-weighed potassium iodate crystals were run at the beginning of each session of analyses, which typically included from 1 to 3 stations. Several standards were made up during the cruise and compared to assure that the results were reproducible, and to preclude the possibility of a weighing error. Reagent/distilled water blanks were determined to account for oxidizing or reducing materials in the reagents. The auto-titrator generally performed very well. The samples were titrated and the data logged by the PC control software. The data were then used to update the cruise database on the Sun SPARCstations. Thiosulfate normalities and blanks, calculated from each standardization and corrected to 20 deg.C, were plotted versus time and were reviewed for possible problems. New thiosulfate normalities were recalculated after the blanks had been smoothed. These normalities were then smoothed, and the oxygen data were recalculated. Oxygens were converted from milliliters per liter to micromoles per kilogram using the in-situ temperature. Ideally, for whole-bottle titrations, the conversion temperature should be the temperature of the water issuing from the bottle spigot. The sample temperatures were measured at the time the samples were drawn from the bottle, but were not used in the conversion from milliliters per liter to micromoles per kilogram because the software was not available. Aberrant drawing temperatures provided an additional flag indicating that a bottle may not have tripped properly. Oxygen flasks were calibrated gravimetrically with degassed deionized water (DIW) to determine flask volumes at ODF's chemistry laboratory. This is done once before using flasks for the first time and periodically thereafter when a suspect bottle volume is detected. All volumetric glassware used in preparing standards is calibrated as well as the 10 ml Dosimat buret used to dispense standard iodate solution. Iodate standards are pre-weighed in ODF's chemistry laboratory to a nominal weight of 0.44xx grams and exact normality calculated at sea. Potassium iodate (KIO3) is obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and is reported by the supplier to be > 99.4% pure. All other reagents are "reagent grade" and are tested for levels of oxidizing and reducing impurities prior to use. 6884 oxygen measurements from the rosette stations were made. There is a difference of 0.4 to 3.2 umol/kg in dissolved O2 at the maximum bottle depth for some of the stations. These stations had 2 bottles (bottle 1 and 2) tripped at the maximum bottle depth as scheduled by the PI to assess variability. It appears that the dissolved O2 from bottle 1 was lower if there was a difference between these two bottles; there are some exceptions. No analytical error could explain a lower oxygen. The PI requested that these oxygens be deemed acceptable. ODF suspects bottle 1 leaked slightly, but frequently. In the 1000 meters above bottle 1, there is typically very little change in salinity, and about 10% change in nutrients, but a 25% change in oxygen, making it the most sensitive to leaks in the first few minutes after tripping the bottle. The PI does not agree that the bottle was leaking and at his request, the coding does not reflect a leaking bottle or questionable data. At the following stations, the oxygens of bottle 1 were significantly lower than at bottle 2: 011, 051, 053, 059, 066, 088, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098, 099, 103, 104, 105, 106, 110, 111, 113, 114, 116, 120, 122, 125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136, 139, 140, 141, 142, 801, 802, 143, 803, 144, 145, 146, 148, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 172, 174 At the following stations, the oxygens of bottle 1 were significantly higher than at bottle 2 and adjoining stations: 065, 069, 091, 128, 183 The oxygen data were used to calibrate the CTD O2 sensor. B.1.13. NUTRIENT ANALYSIS Nutrient samples were drawn into 45 ml high density polypropylene, narrow mouth, screw-capped centrifuge tubes which were rinsed three times before filling. Standardizations were performed at the beginning and end of each group of analyses (one cast, usually 36 samples) with a set of an intermediate concentration standard prepared for each run from secondary standards. These secondary standards were in turn prepared aboard ship by dilution from dry, pre-weighed primary standards. Sets of 5-6 different concentrations of shipboard standards were analyzed periodically to determine the deviation from linearity as a function of concentration for each nutrient. Nutrient analyses (phosphate, silicate, nitrate and nitrite) were performed on an ODF-modified 4-channel Technicon AutoAnalyzer II, generally within one hour of the cast. Occasionally some samples were refrigerated at 2 to 6 deg.C for a maximum of 4 hours. The methods used are described by Gordon et al. [Atla71] [Hage72], [Gord92]., The colorimeter output from each of the four channels were digitized and logged automatically by computer (PC), then split into absorbence peaks. All the runs were manually verified. Silicate is analyzed using the technique of Armstrong et al. [Arms67]. Ammonium molybdate is added to a seawater sample to produce silicomolybdic acid which is then reduced to silicomolybdous acid (a blue compound) following the addition of stannous chloride. Tartaric acid is also added to impede PO4 contamination. The sample is passed through a 15 mm flowcell and the absorbence measured at 820nm. ODF's methodology is known to be non-linear at high silicate concentrations (>120 uM); a correction for this non-linearity is applied in ODF's software. Modifications of the Armstrong et al. [Arms67] techniques for nitrate and nitrite analysis are also used. The seawater sample for nitrate analysis is passed through a cadmium column where the nitrate is reduced to nitrite. Sulfanilamide is introduced, reacting with the nitrite, then N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride which couples to form a red azo dye. The reaction product is then passed through a 15 mm flowcell and the absorbence measured at 540 nm. The same technique is employed for nitrite analysis, except the cadmium column is not present, and a 50 mm flowcell is used. Phosphate is analyzed using a modification of the Bernhardt and Wilhelms [Bern67] technique. Ammonium molybdate is added to the sample to produce phosphomolybdic acid, then reduced to phosphomolybdous acid (a blue compound) following the addition of dihydrazine sulfate. The reaction product is heated to ~55 deg.C to enhance color development, then passed through a 50 mm flowcell and the absorbence measured at 820 nm. Nutrients reported in micromoles per kilogram were converted from micromoles per liter by dividing by sample density calculated at 1 atm pressure, in-situ salinity, and an assumed laboratory temperature of 25 deg.C. Na2SiF6, the silicate primary standard, is obtained from Fluka Chemical Company and Fisher Scientific and is reported by the suppliers to be >98% pure. Primary standards for nitrate (KNO3), nitrite (NaNO2), and phosphate (KH2PO4) are obtained from Johnson Matthey Chemical Co. and the supplier reports purities of 99.999%, 97%, and 99.999%, respectively. 6893 nutrient analyses were performed. The AA generally performed well, with minor pump and sampler problems. B.1.14. CFC-11 and CFC-12 MEASUREMENTS (Dr. Mark J. Warner, Mr. Steven Covey, University of Washington SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Samples for CFC analysis were drawn from the 10-liter Niskins into 100-cc ground glass syringes fitted with plastic stopcocks. These samples were the first aliquots drawn from the particular Niskins. There is no evidence of high contamination levels of the CFC samples resulting from the Niskin bottles. The samples were analyzed using a CFC extraction and analysis system of Dr. Richard Gammon of the University of Washington. The analytical procedure and data analysis are described by Bullister and Weiss (1988). Dr. Warner and his technician set up the analytic system in Sitka, Alaska and transited aboard the R.V. Thompson to Dutch Harbor, Alaska to ensure that the instrument was working properly. The CFC concentrations in air were measured approximately twice per day during this expedition. Air was pumped to the main laboratory from the bow through Dekabon tubing. CALIBRATION A working standard, calibrated on the SIO1993 scale, was used to calibrate the response of the electron capture detector of the Shimadzu Mini-2 GC to the CFCs. This standard, Airco cylinder CC88098, contained gas with CFC-11 and CFC-12 concentrations of 267.20 parts per trillion (ppt) and 502.32 ppt, respectively. SAMPLING BLANKS There is always a small amount of contamination of the CFCs in the sampling and analysis of water samples. We have attempted to estimate this level of contamination by taking the mode of measured CFC concentration in samples which should be CFC-free. In this region, measurements of other transient tracers such as carbon-14 indicate that the deep waters are much older than the CFC transient. We have used all samples deeper than than 2000 meters to determine the blanks of 0.0045 picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg) for CFC-11 and 0.0005 pmol/kg for CFC-12. These concentrations have been subtracted from all the reported dissolved CFC concentrations. DATA In addition to the CFC concentrations which have merged with the .SEA file, the following three tables have been included to complete the data set. The first two are tables of the duplicate samples. The third is a table of the atmospheric CFC concentrations interpolated to each station. Table 1: CFC-11 Concentrations in Replicate Samples STATION SAMPLE CFC-11 1 101 5.412 1 101 5.417 1 105 5.524 1 105 5.495 4 101 0.007 4 101 0.012 4 102 0.010 4 102 0.012 4 103 0.012 4 103 0.013 7 102 0.017 7 102 0.018 9 103 0.009 9 103 0.007 11 103 0.014 11 103 0.015 21 103 0.000 21 103 0.002 23 102 0.004 23 102 -0.002 25 103 -0.001 25 103 0.002 27 125 0.142 27 125 0.145 28 126 0.266 28 126 0.273 29 125 0.335 29 125 0.347 31 127 1.289 31 127 1.285 33 126 0.636 33 126 0.616 43 126 2.045 43 126 2.027 45 132 3.470 45 132 3.536 47 130 3.729 47 130 3.707 49 130 3.201 49 130 3.132 51 130 2.781 51 130 2.710 53 125 2.082 53 125 2.049 55 128 2.431 55 128 2.426 57 128 2.593 57 128 2.514 59 129 2.986 59 129 3.000 61 127 2.989 61 127 3.113 63 126 2.642 63 126 2.672 69 127 2.774 69 127 2.806 71 136 1.779 71 136 1.776 73 132 2.512 73 132 2.465 75 125 1.147 75 125 1.144 77 126 1.815 77 126 1.804 83 129 2.605 83 129 2.566 85 130 2.437 85 130 2.401 89 130 2.342 89 130 2.296 91 124 0.015 91 124 0.015 93 130 2.000 93 130 1.999 95 122 -0.002 95 122 0.007 99 130 2.016 99 130 2.025 101 127 0.051 101 127 0.054 105 127 0.024 105 127 0.019 107 132 1.707 107 132 1.701 111 130 0.885 111 130 0.892 113 132 1.642 113 132 1.655 115 133 1.622 115 133 1.625 117 131 1.263 117 131 1.253 119 129 0.175 119 129 0.168 121 132 1.686 121 132 1.688 123 127 0.071 123 127 0.071 125 126 0.020 125 126 0.022 127 134 1.557 127 134 1.564 129 128 0.314 129 128 0.306 131 130 0.849 131 130 0.868 135 130 1.236 135 130 1.217 137 133 1.566 137 133 1.583 139 126 0.093 139 126 0.090 141 130 1.182 141 130 1.186 143 126 0.193 143 126 0.186 145 130 1.202 145 130 1.195 147 123 0.009 147 123 0.009 149 130 1.140 149 130 1.109 151 130 1.388 151 130 1.393 153 126 0.081 153 126 0.082 155 123 0.006 155 123 0.004 157 132 1.636 157 132 1.596 159 130 1.747 159 130 1.734 163 130 1.335 163 130 1.321 165 126 0.105 165 126 0.107 167 124 0.017 167 124 0.010 169 124 0.006 169 124 0.005 171 129 0.973 171 129 0.973 173 126 0.120 173 126 0.114 175 131 1.697 175 131 1.741 177 121 0.043 177 121 0.045 181 130 1.705 181 130 1.746 800 130 1.574 800 130 1.589 Table 2: CFC-12 CONCENTRATIONS IN REPLICATE SAMPLES Station Sample CFC-12 1 101 2.586 1 101 2.525 4 101 0.005 4 101 0.003 4 102 0.005 4 102 0.004 4 103 0.010 4 103 0.008 7 102 0.010 7 102 0.012 9 103 0.002 9 103 0.002 11 103 0.003 11 103 0.006 21 103 0.003 21 103 -0.003 23 102 0.004 23 102 0.017 29 125 0.152 29 125 0.150 31 127 0.563 31 127 0.564 33 126 0.270 33 126 0.270 41 330 1.682 41 330 1.690 43 126 0.993 43 126 0.976 45 132 1.772 45 132 1.750 47 130 1.859 47 130 1.766 49 130 1.631 49 130 1.560 51 130 1.405 51 130 1.367 53 125 0.972 53 125 0.941 55 128 1.225 55 128 1.251 57 128 1.357 57 128 1.313 59 129 1.524 59 129 1.542 61 127 1.527 61 127 1.590 63 126 1.291 63 126 1.343 69 120 0.008 69 120 0.015 69 127 1.395 69 127 1.417 71 136 0.963 71 136 0.973 73 120 0.004 73 120 0.001 73 132 1.278 73 132 1.273 75 125 0.537 75 125 0.528 77 126 0.856 77 126 0.853 83 129 1.313 83 129 1.295 85 130 1.257 85 130 1.234 89 130 1.182 89 130 1.172 91 124 0.010 91 124 0.004 93 130 1.055 93 130 1.061 95 122 -0.001 95 122 0.001 99 130 1.064 99 130 1.070 101 127 0.021 101 127 0.022 105 127 0.010 105 127 0.010 107 132 0.866 107 132 0.856 111 130 0.422 111 130 0.431 113 132 0.840 113 132 0.851 115 133 0.916 115 133 0.917 117 131 0.636 117 131 0.627 119 129 0.083 119 129 0.079 121 132 0.880 121 132 0.884 123 127 0.037 123 127 0.028 125 126 0.014 125 126 0.016 127 134 0.853 127 134 0.871 129 128 0.164 129 128 0.139 131 130 0.424 131 130 0.417 135 130 0.623 135 130 0.601 137 133 0.859 137 133 0.869 139 126 0.042 139 126 0.048 141 130 0.596 141 130 0.585 143 126 0.102 143 126 0.099 145 130 0.619 145 130 0.603 147 123 0.002 147 123 0.004 149 130 0.590 149 130 0.574 151 130 0.721 151 130 0.724 153 126 0.039 153 126 0.041 155 123 0.002 155 123 0.002 157 132 0.882 157 132 0.863 159 130 0.908 159 130 0.933 163 130 0.675 163 130 0.698 165 126 0.052 165 126 0.061 167 124 0.010 167 124 0.006 169 124 0.002 169 124 0.003 171 129 0.498 171 129 0.502 173 126 0.048 173 126 0.056 175 131 0.905 175 131 0.927 181 130 0.895 181 130 0.917 800 130 0.819 800 130 0.826 Table 3: ATMOSPHERIC CFC CONCENTRATIONS INTERPOLATED TO STATIONS STATION F11 F12 NUMBER PPT PPT 1 275.5 519.6 2 275.4 520.0 3 275.5 519.6 4 275.4 520.0 5 275.4 520.0 6 275.4 520.0 7 275.1 520.2 8 275.1 520.2 9 275.1 520.2 10 275.1 520.2 11 275.1 520.2 12 275.1 520.2 13 275.1 520.8 14 275.1 520.8 15 275.1 520.8 16 275.1 520.8 17 274.6 524.3 18 274.6 524.3 19 274.6 524.3 20 274.6 524.3 21 274.6 524.3 22 274.6 524.3 23 274.6 524.3 24 274.6 524.3 25 274.9 522.9 26 274.8 523.3 27 274.7 522.1 28 274.6 522.2 29 274.9 519.9 30 275.2 519.7 31 275.8 520.1 32 275.0 519.6 33 276.7 520.3 34 276.7 520.3 35 276.7 520.3 36 275.9 519.3 37 275.3 517.8 38 273.9 515.3 39 274.9 513.4 40 274.9 513.4 41 274.9 513.4 42 274.7 513.0 43 274.7 513.0 44 274.6 512.2 45 274.5 511.8 46 273.9 511.5 47 273.8 510.5 48 273.8 510.5 49 273.8 510.5 50 274.1 512.5 51 274.3 513.3 52 274.5 514.2 53 274.3 513.3 54 274.3 514.4 55 274.4 515.6 56 274.3 515.3 57 274.3 515.3 58 274.4 515.1 59 274.4 514.9 60 274.4 514.9 61 274.4 514.9 62 274.0 514.6 63 273.9 514.1 64 273.8 513.7 65 273.3 513.2 66 273.3 513.2 67 273.3 513.2 68 273.3 511.6 69 273.0 513.2 70 273.0 513.2 71 273.0 513.2 72 272.6 514.9 73 272.8 513.4 74 272.8 515.2 75 272.8 514.8 76 272.8 514.8 77 273.2 514.4 78 273.6 514.7 79 273.6 514.7 80 273.6 514.7 81 273.6 514.7 82 273.4 513.2 83 273.4 513.2 84 273.4 513.2 85 272.5 513.0 86 271.8 512.6 87 271.8 512.6 88 272.2 513.9 89 272.2 513.9 90 271.9 514.4 91 271.9 514.4 92 271.9 514.4 93 273.6 515.2 94 273.6 515.2 95 273.6 515.2 96 272.8 515.5 97 272.6 515.2 98 272.6 515.2 99 272.3 513.5 100 272.3 513.5 101 271.7 513.2 102 271.7 513.2 103 271.7 513.2 104 271.7 513.2 105 272.2 513.4 106 272.3 513.4 107 272.7 515.4 108 272.3 515.0 109 272.3 515.0 110 272.7 515.4 111 272.3 515.0 112 272.3 515.0 113 272.3 515.0 114 272.3 515.0 115 272.1 513.0 116 272.1 513.0 117 272.1 513.0 118 271.7 512.8 119 271.7 512.0 120 272.6 513.5 121 272.6 513.5 122 272.6 513.5 123 272.8 514.5 124 272.8 514.5 125 272.8 514.5 126 272.9 514.0 127 272.3 511.6 128 271.1 509.4 129 271.1 509.4 130 270.9 509.7 131 270.7 510.0 132 270.7 510.0 133 270.7 510.0 134 270.6 509.5 135 270.3 510.2 136 270.4 509.8 137 270.4 509.8 138 270.4 509.8 139 269.8 510.8 140 270.0 510.0 141 270.0 510.0 142 270.0 510.0 143 269.7 510.6 144 269.9 509.9 145 270.6 510.3 146 270.6 510.3 147 271.1 509.5 148 271.1 509.5 149 271.1 509.5 150 270.9 510.7 151 270.9 510.7 152 271.0 511.5 153 270.2 511.3 154 270.2 511.3 155 270.6 513.3 156 270.6 513.3 157 270.5 510.7 158 270.5 510.7 159 270.6 511.4 160 270.8 510.1 161 270.8 510.1 162 270.8 510.1 163 270.9 509.9 164 270.9 508.6 165 270.9 508.6 166 270.5 508.1 167 270.4 508.1 168 270.1 508.5 169 269.9 507.5 170 269.7 508.1 171 269.7 508.1 172 269.7 508.6 173 269.7 508.1 174 269.8 507.1 175 269.7 508.2 176 269.7 508.5 177 269.6 508.4 178 269.6 508.4 179 269.6 508.4 180 269.0 508.6 181 268.5 510.8 182 268.5 510.8 183 268.5 510.8 184 268.4 508.4 185 268.4 508.4 651 273.3 513.2 652 273.3 513.2 653 273.3 513.2 800 270.6 510.0 801 269.7 510.6 802 269.7 510.6 803 269.7 510.6 900 269.7 508.1 Table 4: ATMOSPHERIC CFC MEASUREMENTS Time FREON RUN FREON F12 F11 Date (hhmm) Latitude Longitude NUMBER FLAG PPT PPT 29 Jun 93 2333 56 36.4 N 138 53.6 W 2 0 535.2 270.3 29 Jun 93 2343 56 36.4 N 138 53.6 W 3 0 533.3 269.3 29 Jun 93 2354 56 36.4 N 138 53.6 W 4 0 527.4 269.9 30 Jun 93 0017 56 36.4 N 138 53.6 W 6 0 519.7 269.3 3 Jul 93 0303 54 11.0 N 160 59.7 W 114 0 517.1 274.3 6 Jul 93 0949 55 39.4 N 168 55.4 W 181 0 522.6 268.1 6 Jul 93 0959 55 39.4 N 168 55.4 W 182 0 530.2 270.1 6 Jul 93 1009 55 39.4 N 168 55.4 W 183 0 520.5 268.3 7 Jul 93 0723 59 00.1 N 173 59.8 W 245 0 526.7 269.0 7 Jul 93 0734 59 00.1 N 173 59.8 W 246 0 523.0 268.6 7 Jul 93 0830 59 00.1 N 173 59.8 W 247 0 525.7 269.2 8 Jul 93 2253 55 00.1 N 177 11.7 W 409 0 525.8 268.2 8 Jul 93 2304 55 00.1 N 177 11.7 W 410 0 525.8 268.2 8 Jul 93 2316 55 00.1 N 177 11.7 W 411 0 527.9 268.3 9 Jul 93 1149 53 42.1 N 178 07.6 W 462 0 525.7 268.0 9 Jul 93 1214 53 42.1 N 178 07.6 W 464 0 525.1 268.6 9 Jul 93 1225 53 42.1 N 178 07.6 W 465 0 525.4 268.2 11 Jul 93 0951 50 56.1 N 179 34.3 E 655 0 522.1 269.2 11 Jul 93 1003 50 56.1 N 179 34.3 E 656 0 531.8 267.7 11 Jul 93 1015 50 56.1 N 179 34.3 E 657 0 529.7 268.0 12 Jul 93 0106 50 14.1 N 179 07.9 E 714 0 528.8 267.5 12 Jul 93 0118 50 14.1 N 179 07.9 E 715 0 530.0 267.0 12 Jul 93 0200 50 14.1 N 179 07.9 E 717 0 538.7 267.1 12 Jul 93 2032 48 59.8 N 178 59.8 E 803 0 527.8 268.1 12 Jul 93 2043 48 59.8 N 178 59.8 E 804 0 528.3 269.4 12 Jul 93 2057 48 59.8 N 178 59.8 E 805 0 521.2 268.7 13 Jul 93 2023 47 00.1 N 179 00.0 E 906 0 524.7 267.6 13 Jul 93 2034 47 00.1 N 179 00.0 E 907 0 527.8 267.4 13 Jul 93 2046 47 00.1 N 179 00.0 E 908 0 524.5 267.3 14 Jul 93 0841 45 59.8 N 179 00.2 E 955 0 519.0 268.3 14 Jul 93 0852 45 59.8 N 179 00.2 E 956 0 530.8 268.9 14 Jul 93 0904 45 59.8 N 179 00.2 E 957 0 525.5 269.4 14 Jul 93 2103 45 00.2 N 179 00.2 E 1004 0 529.4 269.8 14 Jul 93 2114 45 00.2 N 179 00.2 E 1005 0 528.0 269.7 14 Jul 93 2126 45 00.2 N 179 00.2 E 1006 0 523.5 273.1 15 Jul 93 1149 43 59.8 N 178 59.7 E 1057 0 522.7 267.0 15 Jul 93 1201 43 59.8 N 178 59.7 E 1058 0 522.7 267.3 15 Jul 93 1213 43 59.8 N 178 59.7 E 1059 0 524.0 267.3 16 Jul 93 1420 42 32.8 N 179 10.6 E 1120 0 519.9 267.5 16 Jul 93 1432 42 32.8 N 179 10.6 E 1121 0 518.4 267.0 16 Jul 93 1443 42 32.8 N 179 10.6 E 1122 0 518.3 266.7 17 Jul 93 1246 41 59.8 N 178 59.8 E 1188 0 516.8 270.5 17 Jul 93 1258 41 59.8 N 178 59.8 E 1189 0 519.8 268.2 17 Jul 93 1310 41 59.8 N 178 59.8 E 1190 0 521.3 268.4 18 Jul 93 1801 39 59.9 N 179 00.2 E 1283 0 516.5 267.5 18 Jul 93 1812 39 59.9 N 179 00.2 E 1284 0 519.3 267.6 18 Jul 93 1823 39 59.9 N 179 00.2 E 1285 0 518.3 267.3 19 Jul 93 0828 38 59.6 N 179 00.2 E 1346 0 517.4 266.2 19 Jul 93 0839 38 59.6 N 179 00.2 E 1347 0 516.7 266.7 19 Jul 93 0850 38 59.6 N 179 00.2 E 1348 0 514.7 267.5 19 Jul 93 2036 38 00.2 N 179 00.0 E 1397 0 514.7 268.0 19 Jul 93 2047 38 00.2 N 179 00.0 E 1398 0 513.9 266.9 19 Jul 93 2058 38 00.2 N 179 00.0 E 1399 0 519.9 266.9 20 Jul 93 1153 36 59.3 N 178 59.6 E 1452 0 519.9 268.7 20 Jul 93 1204 36 59.3 N 178 59.6 E 1453 10000 529.9 273.1F 20 Jul 93 1215 36 59.3 N 178 59.6 E 1454 0 516.9 267.6 21 Jul 93 1113 35 00.3 N 179 00.2 E 1550 0 523.8 268.7 21 Jul 93 1124 35 00.3 N 179 00.2 E 1551 0 520.8 267.8 21 Jul 93 1135 35 00.3 N 179 00.2 E 1552 0 519.7 267.0 22 Jul 93 0620 32 59.3 N 178 59.8 E 1638 0 521.0 267.3 22 Jul 93 0631 32 59.3 N 178 59.8 E 1639 0 520.8 267.6 22 Jul 93 0642 32 59.3 N 178 59.8 E 1640 0 517.1 266.6 22 Jul 93 0654 32 59.3 N 178 59.8 E 1641 0 523.8 267.2 22 Jul 93 1819 31 59.6 N 178 59.7 E 1684 0 519.7 268.8 22 Jul 93 1830 31 59.6 N 178 59.7 E 1685 0 521.6 267.7 22 Jul 93 1841 31 59.6 N 178 59.7 E 1686 0 520.3 267.6 23 Jul 93 1842 29 59.8 N 178 59.7 E 1789 0 519.1 266.0 23 Jul 93 1853 29 59.8 N 178 59.7 E 1790 0 520.2 266.3 23 Jul 93 1904 29 59.8 N 178 59.7 E 1791 0 519.4 266.6 24 Jul 93 1013 29 29.8 N 178 58.5 E 1863 0 517.0 267.4 24 Jul 93 1025 29 29.8 N 178 58.5 E 1864 0 518.2 266.6 24 Jul 93 1036 29 29.8 N 178 58.5 E 1865 0 519.4 266.1 25 Jul 93 0203 27 59.9 N 179 00.0 E 1922 0 517.5 265.8 25 Jul 93 0225 27 59.9 N 179 00.0 E 1924 0 516.5 266.9 25 Jul 93 0237 27 59.9 N 179 00.0 E 1925 0 513.8 265.7 25 Jul 93 0248 27 59.9 N 179 00.0 E 1926 0 518.7 267.0 25 Jul 93 1840 27 02.1 N 178 57.5 E 1983 0 522.2 265.8 25 Jul 93 1851 27 02.1 N 178 57.5 E 1984 0 523.8 266.4 25 Jul 93 1902 27 02.1 N 178 57.5 E 1985 0 519.6 265.7 26 Jul 93 0932 25 59.7 N 179 00.3 E 2032 0 520.1 265.6 26 Jul 93 0943 25 59.7 N 179 00.3 E 2033 0 520.4 265.9 26 Jul 93 0955 25 59.7 N 179 00.3 E 2034 0 517.9 265.8 27 Jul 93 1006 24 00.0 N 178 59.6 E 2123 0 520.5 266.8 27 Jul 93 1017 24 00.0 N 178 59.6 E 2124 0 523.1 266.7 27 Jul 93 1028 24 00.0 N 178 59.6 E 2125 0 520.9 265.7 29 Jul 93 0744 20 00.0 N 179 00.0 E 2305 0 520.3 266.0 29 Jul 93 0755 20 00.0 N 179 00.0 E 2306 0 519.3 266.5 29 Jul 93 0806 20 00.0 N 179 00.0 E 2307 0 515.7 265.7 30 Jul 93 0636 18 00.1 N 178 59.7 E 2397 0 517.8 262.5 30 Jul 93 0648 18 00.1 N 178 59.7 E 2398 0 518.1 264.3 30 Jul 93 0659 18 00.1 N 178 59.7 E 2399 0 518.8 265.2 30 Jul 93 1752 16 59.7 N 179 00.0 E 2446 0 522.5 266.8 30 Jul 93 1803 16 59.7 N 179 00.0 E 2447 0 522.2 265.8 30 Jul 93 1814 16 59.7 N 179 00.0 E 2448 0 521.5 266.3 1 Aug 93 1023 14 00.4 N 178 59.8 E 2610 0 520.1 268.5 1 Aug 93 1045 14 00.4 N 178 59.8 E 2612 0 519.2 266.6 1 Aug 93 1108 14 00.4 N 178 59.8 E 2614 0 520.0 266.6 2 Aug 93 1458 12 22.0 N 179 00.3 E 2700 0 519.3 264.8 2 Aug 93 1509 12 22.0 N 179 00.3 E 2701 0 525.7 265.6 2 Aug 93 1520 12 22.0 N 179 00.3 E 2702 0 520.4 264.7 2 Aug 93 1531 12 22.0 N 179 00.3 E 2703 0 521.7 264.3 3 Aug 93 0547 11 00.2 N 179 00.1 E 2769 0 523.2 265.4 3 Aug 93 0558 11 00.2 N 179 00.1 E 2770 0 511.5 266.2 3 Aug 93 0611 11 00.2 N 179 00.1 E 2771 0 516.8 264.3 3 Aug 93 0626 11 00.2 N 179 00.1 E 2772 0 513.0 264.5 5 Aug 93 0327 08 00.1 N 178 59.5 E 2940 0 522.4 265.2 5 Aug 93 0338 08 00.1 N 178 59.5 E 2941 0 525.2 266.2 5 Aug 93 0349 08 00.1 N 178 59.5 E 2942 0 521.6 266.4 5 Aug 93 1337 07 30.0 N 178 59.6 E 2982 0 519.9 265.9 5 Aug 93 1348 07 30.0 N 178 59.6 E 2983 0 518.6 265.3 5 Aug 93 1359 07 30.0 N 178 59.6 E 2984 0 518.9 266.2 5 Aug 93 2215 07 00.1 N 179 00.1 E 3018 0 516.0 265.7 5 Aug 93 2226 07 00.1 N 179 00.1 E 3019 0 521.8 265.4 5 Aug 93 2238 07 00.1 N 179 00.1 E 3020 0 522.5 263.8 6 Aug 93 1825 06 00.1 N 178 59.9 E 3092 0 516.6 265.3 6 Aug 93 1837 06 00.1 N 178 59.9 E 3093 0 518.4 265.2 6 Aug 93 1848 06 00.1 N 178 59.9 E 3094 0 515.5 265.4 7 Aug 93 0528 05 29.8 N 178 59.8 E 3135 0 520.0 265.1 7 Aug 93 0540 05 29.8 N 178 59.8 E 3136 0 517.9 264.8 7 Aug 93 0551 05 29.8 N 178 59.8 E 3137 20000 508.5F 263.7 7 Aug 93 0613 05 29.8 N 178 59.8 E 3139 0 517.9 265.1 7 Aug 93 1526 04 59.8 N 178 59.9 E 3173 0 527.4 270.5 7 Aug 93 1537 04 59.8 N 178 59.9 E 3174 0 517.8 264.6 7 Aug 93 1548 04 59.8 N 178 59.9 E 3175 0 521.0 269.4 7 Aug 93 1601 04 59.8 N 178 59.9 E 3176 0 519.4 264.9 8 Aug 93 2148 03 29.7 N 179 00.3 E 3293 0 520.7 264.7 8 Aug 93 2213 03 29.7 N 179 00.3 E 3295 0 514.2 264.2 8 Aug 93 2224 03 29.7 N 179 00.3 E 3296 0 517.7 264.5 9 Aug 93 0633 03 05.7 N 178 39.5 E 3332 0 509.6 264.1 9 Aug 93 0645 03 05.7 N 178 39.5 E 3333 0 513.9 264.7 9 Aug 93 0656 03 05.7 N 178 39.5 E 3334 0 512.7 264.0 9 Aug 93 0708 03 05.7 N 178 39.5 E 3335 0 515.6 265.0 14 Aug 93 1636 02 21.7 N 176 56.1 E 3358 0 517.0 263.8 14 Aug 93 1648 02 21.7 N 176 56.1 E 3359 0 514.0 263.1 14 Aug 93 1659 02 21.7 N 176 56.1 E 3360 0 513.9 262.9 15 Aug 93 0427 02 59.8 N 179 01.0 E 3380 0 516.0 263.5 15 Aug 93 0438 02 59.8 N 179 01.0 E 3381 0 516.0 263.7 15 Aug 93 0449 02 59.8 N 179 01.0 E 3382 0 517.6 263.0 15 Aug 93 2055 02 12.4 N 179 00.8 E 3444 0 516.9 263.6 15 Aug 93 2106 02 12.4 N 179 00.8 E 3445 0 517.0 263.4 15 Aug 93 2118 02 12.4 N 179 00.8 E 3446 0 516.1 263.8 16 Aug 93 1924 01 00.4 N 179 00.1 E 3524 0 513.4 264.5 16 Aug 93 1935 01 00.4 N 179 00.1 E 3525 0 515.8 263.2 16 Aug 93 1947 01 00.4 N 179 00.1 E 3526 0 513.8 263.7 17 Aug 93 1611 00 10.8 N 179 00.1 E 3599 0 516.3 261.0 17 Aug 93 1623 00 10.8 N 179 00.1 E 3600 0 517.4 262.5 17 Aug 93 1634 00 10.8 N 179 00.1 E 3601 0 518.9 263.3 17 Aug 93 1646 00 10.8 N 179 00.1 E 3602 0 519.8 263.7 18 Aug 93 1301 00 00.2 N 179 29.9 E 3643 0 514.2 263.3 18 Aug 93 1313 00 00.2 N 179 29.9 E 3644 0 513.6 263.5 18 Aug 93 1324 00 00.2 N 179 29.9 E 3645 0 513.9 264.0 19 Aug 93 1730 01 00.1 S 179 00.0 E 3750 0 514.9 263.8 19 Aug 93 1744 01 00.1 S 179 00.0 E 3751 0 516.2 264.0 19 Aug 93 1755 01 00.1 S 179 00.0 E 3752 0 510.5 263.4 20 Aug 93 0426 01 21.9 S 178 59.5 E 3793 0 515.4 263.4 20 Aug 93 0448 01 21.9 S 178 59.5 E 3795 0 514.7 264.6 20 Aug 93 0523 01 21.9 S 178 59.5 E 3798 0 522.2 269.8 20 Aug 93 1801 01 52.0 S 178 56.3 E 3848 0 513.1 263.2 20 Aug 93 1811 01 52.0 S 178 56.3 E 3849 0 516.0 263.6 20 Aug 93 1835 01 52.0 S 178 56.3 E 3851 0 513.3 264.0 21 Aug 93 1043 02 30.0 S 179 00.0 E 3890 0 521.1 263.0 21 Aug 93 1054 02 30.0 S 179 00.0 E 3891 0 518.7 264.0 21 Aug 93 1106 02 30.0 S 179 00.0 E 3892 0 519.9 263.2 22 Aug 93 1502 03 57.7 S 179 00.1 E 3999 0 517.6 263.8 22 Aug 93 1514 03 57.7 S 179 00.1 E 4000 0 516.2 263.7 22 Aug 93 1525 03 57.7 S 179 00.1 E 4001 0 520.4 265.6 23 Aug 93 1327 05 00.5 S 179 00.0 E 4084 0 510.4 263.4 23 Aug 93 1342 05 00.5 S 179 00.0 E 4085 0 515.5 263.9 23 Aug 93 1353 05 00.5 S 179 00.0 E 4086 0 514.3 263.9 24 Aug 93 0033 06 00.5 S 179 00.3 E 4136 0 513.4 263.9 24 Aug 93 0042 06 00.5 S 179 00.3 E 4137 0 515.8 265.4 24 Aug 93 0115 06 00.5 S 179 00.3 E 4140 0 516.4 264.4 25 Aug 93 0126 08 17.7 S 178 56.4 E 4237 0 511.5 262.8 25 Aug 93 0137 08 17.7 S 178 56.4 E 4238 0 513.0 262.8 25 Aug 93 0149 08 17.7 S 178 56.4 E 4239 0 514.0 263.3 25 Aug 93 1410 08 37.0 S 178 58.4 E 4303 0 513.9 263.0 25 Aug 93 1422 08 37.0 S 178 58.4 E 4304 0 514.0 263.4 25 Aug 93 1433 08 37.0 S 178 58.4 E 4305 0 512.7 263.7 26 Aug 93 0720 09 00.0 S 178 59.9 E 4370 0 517.1 263.4 26 Aug 93 0732 09 00.0 S 178 59.9 E 4371 0 513.6 262.2 26 Aug 93 0743 09 00.0 S 178 59.9 E 4372 0 514.1 262.4 27 Aug 93 1636 12 21.7 S 179 00.0 E 4506 0 510.6 263.2 27 Aug 93 1647 12 21.7 S 179 00.0 E 4507 0 510.9 263.2 27 Aug 93 1659 12 21.7 S 179 00.0 E 4508 0 508.2 263.5 28 Aug 93 0654 13 59.9 S 179 00.0 E 4578 0 520.4 262.7 28 Aug 93 0705 13 59.9 S 179 00.0 E 4579 0 518.1 262.5 28 Aug 93 0717 13 59.9 S 179 00.0 E 4580 0 516.2 262.2 28 Aug 93 1538 14 59.8 S 178 59.7 E 4613 0 514.9 261.5 28 Aug 93 1601 14 59.8 S 178 59.7 E 4615 0 515.1 261.3 28 Aug 93 1612 14 59.8 S 178 59.7 E 4616 0 514.0 260.7 29 Aug 93 0015 16 00.0 S 179 00.0 E 4652 0 513.5 263.0 29 Aug 93 0026 16 00.0 S 179 00.0 E 4653 0 511.8 261.6 29 Aug 93 0037 16 00.0 S 179 00.0 E 4654 0 506.5 258.9 29 Aug 93 0100 16 00.0 S 179 00.0 E 4656 0 518.2 263.4 29 Aug 93 0124 16 00.0 S 179 00.0 E 4658 0 518.8 263.5 REFERENCES Arms67. Armstrong, F. A. J., Stearns, C. R., and Strickland, J. D. H., "The measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means of the Technicon Autoanalyzer and associated equipment," Deep-Sea Research, 14, pp. 381-389 (1967). Atla71. Atlas, E. L., Hager, S. W., Gordon, L. I., and Park, P. K., "A Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer(R) in Seawater Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, p. 49, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography (1971). Bern67. Bernhardt, H. and Wilhelms, A., "The continuous determination of low level iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the AutoAnalyzer," Technicon Symposia, I, pp. 385-389 (1967). Brow78. Brown, N. L. and Morrison, G. K., "WHOI/Brown conductivity, temperature and depth microprofiler," Technical Report No. 78-23, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1978). Carp65. Carpenter, J. H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler dissolved oxygen method," Limnology and Oceanography, 10, pp. 141-143 (1965). Cart80. Carter, D. J. T., "Computerised Version of Echo-sounding Correction Tables (Third Edition)," Marine Information and Advisory Service, Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey. GU8 5UB. U.K. (1980). Culb91. Culberson, C. H., Knapp, G., Stalcup, M., Williams, R. T., and Zemlyak, F., "A comparison of methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater," Report WHPO 91-2, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office (Aug 1991). Gord92. Gordon, L. I., Jennings, J. C., Jr., Ross, A. A., and Krest, J. M., "A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992). Hage72. Hager, S. W., Atlas, E. L., Gordon, L. D., Mantyla, A. W., and Park, P. K., "A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp. 931-937 (1972). Mill82. Millard, R. C., Jr., "CTD calibration and data processing techniques at WHOI using the practical salinity scale," Proc. Int. STD Conference and Workshop, p. 19, Mar. Tech. Soc., La Jolla, Ca. (1982). Owen85. Owens, W. B. and Millard, R. C., Jr., "A new algorithm for CTD oxygen calibration," Journ. of Am. Meteorological Soc., 15, p. 621 (1985). UNES81. UNESCO, "Background papers and supporting data on the Practical Salinity Scale, 1978," UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No. 37, p. 144 (1981). C. DATA QUALITY EVALUATION C.1 Final CFC Data Quality Evaluation (DQE) (David Wisegarver) Dec 2000 During the initial DQE review of the CFC data, a small number of samples were given QUALT2 flags which differed from the initial QUALT1 flags assigned by the PI. After discussion, the PI concurred with the DQE assigned flags and updated the QUAL1 flags for these samples. The CFC concentrations have been adjusted to the SIO98 calibration Scale (Prinn et al. 2000) so that all of the Pacific WOCE CFC data will be on a common calibration scale. For further information, comments or questions, please, contact the CFC PI for this section (mwarner@ocean.washington.edu) or David Wisegarver (wise@pmel.noaa.gov). Additional information on WOCE CFC synthesis may be available at: http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/cfc. *************************************************************************** Prinn, R. G., R. F. Weiss, P. J. Fraser, P. G. Simmonds, D. M. Cunnold, F. N. Alyea, S. O'Doherty, P. Salameh, B. R. Miller, J. Huang, R. H. J. Wang, D. E. Hartley, C. Harth, L. P. Steele, G. Sturrock, P. M. Midgley, and A. McCulloch, A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 17,751-17,792, 2000. **************************************************************************** APPENDIX A WOCE93-P14N: CTD TEMPERATURE AND CONDUCTIVITY CORRECTIONS SUMMARY PRT ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients Conductivity Coefficients Sta/ Response corT = t2*T2 + t1*T + t0 corC = c1*C + c0 Cast Time (secs) t2 t1 t0 c1 c0 001/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01471 002/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01471 003/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01471 004/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01173 005/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01172 006/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01155 007/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01014 008/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01119 009/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01104 010/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01248 011/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01256 012/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01157 013/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01206 014/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01324 015/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01300 016/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01322 017/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01382 018/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01382 019/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01098 020/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01166 021/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01233 022/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01233 023/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01385 024/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01228 025/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01285 026/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01121 027/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01008 028/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01139 029/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01161 030/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01149 031/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01143 032/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01117 033/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01176 034/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01092 035/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01588 036/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01558 037/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.02042 038/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01599 039/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01593 040/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01254 041/03 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01252 042/02 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01256 043/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01222 044/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01176 045/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01105 046/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01119 047/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -5.07003e-04 0.01049 048/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01491 049/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01415 050/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01352 051/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01450 052/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01480 053/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01492 PRT ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients Conductivity Coefficients Sta/ Response corT = t2*T2 + t1*T + t0 corC = c1*C + c0 Cast Time (secs) t2 t1 t0 c1 c0 054/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01574 055/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01536 056/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01570 057/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01533 058/02 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01442 059/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01374 060/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01434 061/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01552 062/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01531 063/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01657 064/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01468 065/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01468 651/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01510 652/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01510 653/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01593 066/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01497 067/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01573 068/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01593 069/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01509 070/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01423 071/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01524 072/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01540 073/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01429 074/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01417 075/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01597 076/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01381 077/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01419 078/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01474 079/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01505 080/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01513 081/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01504 082/02 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01473 083/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01492 084/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01534 085/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01453 086/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01358 087/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01370 088/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01529 089/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01529 090/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01435 091/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01469 092/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01373 093/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01418 094/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01504 095/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01535 096/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01416 097/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01412 098/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01381 099/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01507 100/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01411 101/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01408 102/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01486 103/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01470 104/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01456 105/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01578 106/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01533 107/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01498 PRT ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients Conductivity Coefficients Sta/ Response corT = t2*T2 + t1*T + t0 corC = c1*C + c0 Cast Time (secs) t2 t1 t0 c1 c0 108/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01517 109/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01487 110/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01563 111/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01577 112/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01557 113/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01605 114/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01607 115/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01517 116/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01514 117/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01616 118/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01533 119/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01651 120/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01537 121/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01541 122/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01489 123/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01532 124/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01577 125/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01619 126/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01560 127/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01559 128/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01600 129/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01524 130/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01494 131/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01509 132/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01630 133/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01564 134/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01515 135/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01493 136/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01484 137/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01638 138/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01635 139/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01552 140/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01502 141/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01482 142/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01463 800/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01514 801/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01505 802/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01635 803/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01522 143/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01503 144/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01513 145/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01645 146/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01514 147/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01534 148/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01556 149/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01566 150/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01558 151/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01726 152/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01669 153/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01633 154/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01796 155/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01643 156/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01655 157/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01606 158/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01581 159/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01587 160/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01820 161/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01726 PRT ITS-90 Temperature Coefficients Conductivity Coefficients Sta/ Response corT = t2*T2 + t1*T + t0 corC = c1*C + c0 Cast Time (secs) t2 t1 t0 c1 c0 162/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01719 163/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01719 164/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01807 165/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01701 166/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01682 167/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01700 168/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01925 169/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01714 170/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01652 900/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01660 900/02 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01660 900/03 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01660 900/04 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01750 900/05 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01660 900/06 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01660 171/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01805 172/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01799 173/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01730 174/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01770 175/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01780 176/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01757 177/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01781 178/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01753 179/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01779 180/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01830 181/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01809 182/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01682 183/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01923 184/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01923 185/01 .30 2.18360e-05 -8.70830e-04 -1.48250 -7.62972e-04 0.01946 APPENDIX B SUMMARY OF WOCE93-P14N CTD OXYGEN TIME CONSTANTS Temperature | Press. | O2 Grad. Fast(tauTF) | Slow(tauTS) | (tauP) | (tauOG) ------------|-------------|--------|--------- 10.0 | 400.0 | 16.0 | 16.0 WOCE93-P14N CTD Oxygen: O2 Conversion Equation Coefficients (refer to Equation 1.6.0) Sta/ Slope Offset Pcoeff TFcoeff TScoeff OGcoeff Cast (c1) (c2) (c3) (c4) (c5) (c6) 001/01 9.03205e-04 2.22160e-01 -3.84902e-04 -5.90926e-04 -1.26245e-02 1.77119e-07 002/01 5.72594e-04 3.49141e-01 -1.32797e-04 2.64532e-02 -1.20655e-02 7.98970e-06 003/01 1.32012e-03 -4.11370e-03 1.52537e-04 -9.27140e-03 -8.87230e-03 -2.30375e-05 004/01 1.46579e-03 -8.26449e-03 1.41945e-04 6.64804e-03 -5.36062e-02 1.55359e-05 005/01 1.31606e-03 -8.09242e-03 1.55040e-04 -7.41188e-03 -8.45274e-03 -2.79246e-05 006/01 1.41301e-03 -1.13434e-02 1.41870e-04 -1.34748e-02 -1.50663e-02 -8.46308e-06 007/01 1.40425e-03 -1.06680e-02 1.49726e-04 1.81415e-03 -4.52019e-02 1.67742e-05 008/01 1.47175e-03 -1.09463e-02 1.43235e-04 1.46446e-03 -5.19462e-02 2.11852e-05 009/01 1.51391e-03 -4.24354e-03 1.30138e-04 1.34116e-02 -7.23143e-02 -4.11079e-06 010/01 1.58514e-03 -7.19497e-03 1.26454e-04 2.29762e-03 -6.75231e-02 9.03354e-06 011/01 1.43484e-03 -3.94853e-03 1.31620e-04 -6.85656e-03 -2.17464e-02 -1.27498e-05 012/01 1.39509e-03 -4.53551e-03 1.50881e-04 -8.47989e-03 -4.00571e-02 1.04195e-05 013/01 1.60686e-03 -6.79621e-03 1.25180e-04 -5.44501e-03 -6.69089e-02 2.49827e-05 014/01 1.81404e-03 -9.76445e-03 1.01950e-04 -2.02382e-02 -8.03046e-02 4.15224e-06 015/01 1.38635e-03 -1.76264e-03 1.39446e-04 -4.37129e-02 1.32884e-02 -2.15239e-05 016/01 1.76679e-03 -4.39388e-03 1.03720e-04 2.45381e-02 -1.19062e-01 1.94149e-05 017/01 2.18024e-03 -4.05469e-03 3.37205e-05 6.72338e-02 -1.86318e-01 -8.45198e-07 018/01 3.14113e-03 -3.44063e-02 3.55666e-05 4.86544e-02 -2.49466e-01 -1.10341e-05 019/01 3.37677e-03 1.07924e-02 -1.22709e-04 5.71378e-03 -2.46256e-01 -1.20876e-05 020/01 1.55267e-03 -7.14250e-04 1.20695e-04 4.01789e-02 -1.13684e-01 1.39800e-06 021/01 1.66923e-03 -1.06858e-02 1.10888e-04 1.42224e-02 -8.22405e-02 -2.62184e-05 022/01 1.50907e-03 -2.62051e-03 1.28559e-04 -5.89131e-03 -4.48084e-02 -7.27151e-07 023/01 1.48722e-03 3.55949e-03 1.26175e-04 1.75391e-01 -2.25150e-01 -2.98670e-06 024/01 1.50886e-03 -9.71791e-03 1.34607e-04 9.78788e-04 -5.39409e-02 5.04931e-06 025/01 1.56139e-03 -1.57741e-02 1.31465e-04 2.04977e-03 -5.55510e-02 9.03188e-06 026/01 1.44395e-03 -4.57876e-03 1.38718e-04 6.67958e-03 -4.78942e-02 7.10847e-06 027/01 1.61450e-03 -1.50110e-02 1.24882e-04 6.28108e-02 -1.21932e-01 -1.27991e-05 028/01 1.46291e-03 -8.05474e-03 1.33087e-04 -8.10795e-03 -1.80865e-02 -4.51925e-06 029/01 1.51751e-03 -1.78650e-02 1.39508e-04 3.60799e-03 -5.45667e-02 4.67986e-06 030/01 1.53479e-03 -8.67512e-03 1.30590e-04 5.40930e-03 -5.77665e-02 6.84732e-06 031/01 1.46665e-03 -3.98645e-03 1.35978e-04 2.24236e-02 -6.75739e-02 2.63481e-06 032/01 1.47891e-03 -6.99981e-03 1.34555e-04 2.45420e-04 -4.87296e-02 3.58205e-06 033/01 1.48420e-03 -1.35228e-02 1.39481e-04 -2.40598e-03 -4.59551e-02 7.62459e-06 034/01 1.48722e-03 -1.26215e-02 1.37551e-04 3.16020e-03 -4.67698e-02 9.76834e-07 035/01 1.39924e-03 -6.86798e-03 1.45087e-04 1.09157e-03 -4.18143e-02 1.26064e-05 036/01 1.45795e-03 -7.24770e-03 1.37400e-04 -4.85302e-03 -4.21070e-02 -1.41104e-05 037/01 1.50667e-03 -1.33665e-02 1.36353e-04 -1.08354e-02 -4.16879e-02 -4.99139e-06 038/01 1.54085e-03 -2.72179e-02 1.40653e-04 -2.13183e-02 -4.37451e-02 -1.07129e-03 039/01 1.43428e-03 -6.71607e-03 1.37720e-04 2.01952e-02 -6.42384e-02 4.55586e-03 040/01 1.41731e-03 -1.86582e-02 1.36557e-04 9.02790e-02 -1.23643e-01 1.27558e-03 041/03 1.42160e-03 -5.80250e-03 1.38602e-04 -2.23784e-03 -3.72004e-02 1.78914e-05 042/02 1.41358e-03 -6.45484e-03 1.42571e-04 -2.59182e-02 -2.01467e-02 -5.09921e-05 043/01 1.27554e-03 -2.44302e-02 1.49638e-04 1.09917e-02 -4.97320e-02 -4.11266e-05 Sta/ Slope Offset Pcoeff TFcoeff TScoeff OGcoeff Cast (c1) (c2) (c3) (c4) (c5) (c6) 044/01 1.33535e-03 -2.02670e-02 1.41479e-04 3.18725e-03 -4.57396e-02 -1.24896e-05 045/01 1.35329e-03 -2.33358e-02 1.42661e-04 -1.87068e-02 -2.71494e-02 1.40182e-06 046/01 1.34308e-03 -1.11694e-02 1.34708e-04 -4.94117e-03 -4.05552e-02 -6.08651e-06 047/01 1.36910e-03 -2.41451e-02 1.41487e-04 -1.40737e-02 -3.43414e-02 -2.08130e-05 048/01 1.33721e-03 -1.89669e-02 1.41666e-04 -2.72464e-02 -2.32334e-02 -3.62274e-05 049/01 1.38967e-03 -3.18922e-02 1.43959e-04 -3.65081e-02 -1.63085e-02 -9.10786e-06 050/01 1.34191e-03 -2.22895e-02 1.39475e-04 2.76679e-02 -6.68612e-02 -3.56350e-03 051/01 1.28737e-03 -1.79837e-02 1.48066e-04 -1.86903e-02 -2.60741e-02 -1.52099e-05 052/01 1.38513e-03 -1.52298e-02 1.29768e-04 -1.85160e-02 -2.57582e-02 -9.60780e-06 053/01 1.36346e-03 -1.50430e-02 1.36254e-04 -4.42351e-02 -8.41339e-03 -8.09282e-06 054/01 1.40336e-03 -1.51155e-02 1.24744e-04 1.03625e-03 -4.04602e-02 -1.25434e-04 055/01 1.31129e-03 -1.45051e-02 1.40911e-04 -1.03987e-02 -2.70662e-02 -7.01822e-05 056/01 1.