ࡱ> fheq` bjbjqPqP ::@@@T<<<<D,T>!  $!h\$n @q"  P@  0@ F<| !0>!$:$$@0" >!TTT$xTTTxTTT CRUISE FICARAM II PI: Aida F. Ros and Fiz F. Prez R/V Hesprides Cruise: He073 Dates: 5 March to 17 April 2001 Chief scientist: Aida F. Rios (IIM-CSIC) Nutrients analysis responsible: Carmen G. Castro (IIM-CSIC) During the cruise FICARAM II, 29 stations were performed (Figure 1). Alkalinity and pH were measured on board. The variables of carbon system, pH and alkalinity, in surface waters together with the fCO2 measured, were used to study the internal consistency of the measurements. pH was measured spectrophotometrically following Clayton and Byrne (1993). Total Alkalinity (TA) was measured using potentiometric titrations with hydrochloric acid to a final pH of 4.40 (Prez and Fraga, 1987). The electrodes were standardised using a buffer of pH 4.42 made in CO2 free seawater (Prez et al., 2002). Dissolved oxygen was determined by Winkler potentiometric titration. The estimated analytical error was (1 mol(kg-1. Oxygen saturation was calculated following Benson and Krause equation (UNESCO, 1986). Nutrient samples were frozen before the analysis. Nutrient concentrations were determined by segmented flow analysis with Alpkem system, following Hansen and Grasshoff (1983) with some improvements (Mourio and Fraga, 1985; lvarez-Salgado et al., 1992). The analytical error was (0.05 mol(kg-1 for nitrate, (0.05 mol(kg-1 for silicic acid and (0.01 mol(kg-1 for phosphate. CT was calculated from pHT25 and total alkalinity with the Mehrbach et al (1973) constants refitted by Dickson and Millero (1987). To check the accuracy of the pH and TA measurements, samples of CO2 reference material (CRM, batch 41 and 51 distributed by A.G. Dickson from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography) were analysed during the cruises. The uncertainties of pH and alkalinity were 0.002 and 1.4 mol kg-1, respectively. The corresponding theoretical pHT25 value (7.918) for this batch was calculated using the dissociation constants from Lueker et al. (2000), which was in agreement with the theoretical value (0.0002). To check de internal consistence of the carbon measurements the CO2 fugacity (fCO2) values measured at every station sampled during FICARAM II cruise were compared with those calculated from pHT25 and total alkalinity with the Lueker et al. (2000) dissociation constants. The agreement between both fCO2 was high (r2 =0.94), confirming the good internal consistency of our measurements. The average and standard deviation of the differences between both calculated and measured CO2 was -2.8 8 atm.  FIGURE 1- Section of the cruise FICARAM II References Alvarez-Salgado X.A., F. Fraga and F.F. Perez, 1992: Determination of nutrient salts by automatic methods both in seawater and brackish waters: The phosphate blank. Marine Chemistry, 39, 311-319. Clayton, T.D., R.H. Byrne. 1993. Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements: total hydrogen ion concentration scale concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and at-sea results. Deep-Sea Res. I, Vol. 40, 10, 2115-2129. Dickson, A.G., Millero, F.J., 1987. A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media. Deep Sea Res. 34, 1733-1743. Hansen, H.P. and Grasshoff, K. Automated Chemical Analysis. In: K. Grasshoff, M. Ehrhardt and K. Kremlig (Editors), Methods of Seawater Analysis. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 419 pp., 1983. Lueker, T.J., Dickson, A.G., Keeling, C.D., 2000. Ocean pCO2 calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity and equations for K1 and K2: validations based on laboratory measurements of CO2 in gas and seawater at equilibrium. Mar. Chem., 70, 105-119. Mehrbach, C., Culberson, C.H., Hawley, J.E., Pytkowicz, R.M., 1973. Measurement of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure. Limnology and Oceanography, 18, 897-907. Mourio C., F. Fraga, 1985: Determinacion de nitratos en agua de mar. Investigacion Pesquera, 49, 81-96. Prez, F.F., Fraga, F., 1987. A precise and rapid analytical procedure for alkalinity determination. Marine Chemistry, 21, 169-182. Prez, F.F., A.F. Ros, T. Relln, M. lvarez. 2000. Improvements in a fast potentiometric seawater alkalinity determination. Ciencias Marinas, 26, 463-478. !/0145ES\cgistu;sg[Lh;xh;xCJaJmH sH hCJaJmH sH hAKICJaJmH sH hktCJaJmH sH h"SCJaJmH sH h&#CJaJmH sH h"RCJaJmHsHh"Rh"RCJaJmHsHh-CJaJmHsHhh;xCJaJmH sH hCJaJmH sH h;xCJaJmH sH hQ|CJaJmH sH hhCJaJmH sH 5ETu B C 8 9   gdktgdgdpgdAKIgd;x$a$gdkt ! 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